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Shallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Electromagnetic Interactions
Shallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Electromagnetic Interactions
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105322
- ISBN
- 9798297671973
- DDC
- 552
- 저자명
- Roth, Nolan.
- 서명/저자
- Shallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Electromagnetic Interactions
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 183 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Zhu, Tieyuan.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Studying what lies beneath the surfaces of our Earth and the other planets in our Solar System can help us develop our understanding of life in the universe, responsibly utilize the mineral, energy, or water resources of the near- and deep-subsurface, and ensure that we as humans interact with these worlds in safe and sustainable ways. This dissertation investigates two phenomena that bridge solid-Earth geophysics and electromagnetics and develops methods to leverage them for novel subsurface characterization on Earth and Mars. I present conclusions that expand our abilities to passively produce high-resolution, near-surface seismic images in regions of low seismicity, and I demonstrate a new method to prospect for liquid water deeply buried in the crust of Mars.In Chapter 2, I present an initial study on ``thunderquakes'', seismic signals produced by the largest electrostatic discharges on Earth. Thunderquakes are frequent natural seismic sources in storm-prone regions and have been clearly observed in numerous environments by both seismic and acoustic instruments. Despite these numerous observations, the physical nature of thunderquake wavefields detected by ground-based arrays was poorly understood. The possibility of electroseismic conversion due to lightning's powerful electromagnetic fields was, until now, unstudied. I use 3D numerical simulations alongside a novel data-driven azimuthal strain-rate analysis technique to show that thunderquakes begin as airborne acoustic waves before coupling with the Earth as Rayleigh waves and Love waves that are generated by local sources near the receiver, such as surface or subsurface topography or urban infrastructure. These conclusions suggest thunder observations from a DAS array can be used to infer the structure of the near surface. An estimate of the Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities is produced using a novel data analysis method unique to DAS. Further, I demonstrate that electro-seismic coupling does not play a significant role in the thunderquake wavefields. While these simulations do not fully capture the realistic frequency of the electro-seismic coupled wavefield, theory suggests that the wavefield is high frequency and thus quickly attenuated in the saturated near-surface soils.Following these results, in Chapter 3 I demonstrate that thunderquakes can be effectively used for passive seismic tomography. I leverage the 458 high-quality thunderquakes recorded by the FORESEE array to image the urban karst subsurface in State College. The resulting image reveals several previously undetected weak zones, some coinciding with surface subsidence measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The tomographic results are validated by independent borehole logs and engineering surveys. This work establishes thunderquakes as novel, meteorologically-driven sources for passive seismic imaging in regions with limited access to traditional seismic sources.In Chapter 4 I present the second case study, which extends the concept of seismoelectric coupling, the pore-scale interaction between seismic and electromagnetic wavefields, to Mars. Deep Martian aquifers harboring liquid water could hold vital insights for current and past habitability. I show that with seismo-electric interface responses (IRs) we can quantitatively characterize subsurface water on Mars. Full-waveform simulations and sensitivity analyses across diverse Martian aquifer scenarios demonstrate the technique's effectiveness. In contrast to how seismo-electric signals often appear on Earth, Mars' desiccated surface naturally removes co-seismic fields and exposes useful IRs that allow us to characterize several aquifer properties. Changing the aquifer depth, thickness, or quantity changes the IR arrival times or shape: aquifer depth is a strong control on evanescent IRs, thickness affects the relative timing of IRs, and increasing the number of aquifers introduces more dipole sources to the waveform. Other factors, such as aquifer saturation, chemistry, and salinity, strongly affect IR amplitude but have minimal or no effect on waveform shape. Notably, for a deep low-porosity aquifer, the salinity and brine chemistry (perchlorate versus chloride) are the strongest controls on signal amplitude. Analyzing the effects of epicentral distance shows that radiating and evanescent IRs separate at large source-receiver offset, allowing analyses of both signals and accurate event distance derivation. Beginning from these numerical investigations, future analyses of electromagnetic data from the InSight lander or future missions to Mars and other planets could be significantly enriched.This thesis advances seismology as it interfaces with electromagnetic phenomena on Earth and Mars. For the first time, atmospheric electrostatic discharges are used to image the solid-Earth. These results were made possible by novel avenues of investigating seismic wavefields captured by distributed acoustic sensing and advanced numerical models. This work also demonstrates the possibility of analyzing the pore-scale seismic-electromagnetic interactions of marsquakes traversing deep aquifers to detect and characterize water qualities important for the study of astrobiology. This is the first application of seismo-electricity to a world beyond our own, where many of the issues that seismo-electricity faces on Earth are trivial or non-existent. This method could go on to aid future missions to other planets in their search for habitable ecosystems.
- 일반주제명
- Lithology
- 일반주제명
- Earthquakes
- 일반주제명
- Electric fields
- 일반주제명
- Aquifers
- 일반주제명
- Geology
- 일반주제명
- Electromagnetics
- 일반주제명
- Geophysics
- 일반주제명
- Hydrologic sciences
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798297671973
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■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)PennState24294njr5569
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a552
■1001 ▼aRoth, Nolan.
■24510▼aShallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Electromagnetic Interactions
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe Pennsylvania State University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a183 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Zhu, Tieyuan.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
■520 ▼aStudying what lies beneath the surfaces of our Earth and the other planets in our Solar System can help us develop our understanding of life in the universe, responsibly utilize the mineral, energy, or water resources of the near- and deep-subsurface, and ensure that we as humans interact with these worlds in safe and sustainable ways. This dissertation investigates two phenomena that bridge solid-Earth geophysics and electromagnetics and develops methods to leverage them for novel subsurface characterization on Earth and Mars. I present conclusions that expand our abilities to passively produce high-resolution, near-surface seismic images in regions of low seismicity, and I demonstrate a new method to prospect for liquid water deeply buried in the crust of Mars.In Chapter 2, I present an initial study on ``thunderquakes'', seismic signals produced by the largest electrostatic discharges on Earth. Thunderquakes are frequent natural seismic sources in storm-prone regions and have been clearly observed in numerous environments by both seismic and acoustic instruments. Despite these numerous observations, the physical nature of thunderquake wavefields detected by ground-based arrays was poorly understood. The possibility of electroseismic conversion due to lightning's powerful electromagnetic fields was, until now, unstudied. I use 3D numerical simulations alongside a novel data-driven azimuthal strain-rate analysis technique to show that thunderquakes begin as airborne acoustic waves before coupling with the Earth as Rayleigh waves and Love waves that are generated by local sources near the receiver, such as surface or subsurface topography or urban infrastructure. These conclusions suggest thunder observations from a DAS array can be used to infer the structure of the near surface. An estimate of the Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities is produced using a novel data analysis method unique to DAS. Further, I demonstrate that electro-seismic coupling does not play a significant role in the thunderquake wavefields. While these simulations do not fully capture the realistic frequency of the electro-seismic coupled wavefield, theory suggests that the wavefield is high frequency and thus quickly attenuated in the saturated near-surface soils.Following these results, in Chapter 3 I demonstrate that thunderquakes can be effectively used for passive seismic tomography. I leverage the 458 high-quality thunderquakes recorded by the FORESEE array to image the urban karst subsurface in State College. The resulting image reveals several previously undetected weak zones, some coinciding with surface subsidence measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The tomographic results are validated by independent borehole logs and engineering surveys. This work establishes thunderquakes as novel, meteorologically-driven sources for passive seismic imaging in regions with limited access to traditional seismic sources.In Chapter 4 I present the second case study, which extends the concept of seismoelectric coupling, the pore-scale interaction between seismic and electromagnetic wavefields, to Mars. Deep Martian aquifers harboring liquid water could hold vital insights for current and past habitability. I show that with seismo-electric interface responses (IRs) we can quantitatively characterize subsurface water on Mars. Full-waveform simulations and sensitivity analyses across diverse Martian aquifer scenarios demonstrate the technique's effectiveness. In contrast to how seismo-electric signals often appear on Earth, Mars' desiccated surface naturally removes co-seismic fields and exposes useful IRs that allow us to characterize several aquifer properties. Changing the aquifer depth, thickness, or quantity changes the IR arrival times or shape: aquifer depth is a strong control on evanescent IRs, thickness affects the relative timing of IRs, and increasing the number of aquifers introduces more dipole sources to the waveform. Other factors, such as aquifer saturation, chemistry, and salinity, strongly affect IR amplitude but have minimal or no effect on waveform shape. Notably, for a deep low-porosity aquifer, the salinity and brine chemistry (perchlorate versus chloride) are the strongest controls on signal amplitude. Analyzing the effects of epicentral distance shows that radiating and evanescent IRs separate at large source-receiver offset, allowing analyses of both signals and accurate event distance derivation. Beginning from these numerical investigations, future analyses of electromagnetic data from the InSight lander or future missions to Mars and other planets could be significantly enriched.This thesis advances seismology as it interfaces with electromagnetic phenomena on Earth and Mars. For the first time, atmospheric electrostatic discharges are used to image the solid-Earth. These results were made possible by novel avenues of investigating seismic wavefields captured by distributed acoustic sensing and advanced numerical models. This work also demonstrates the possibility of analyzing the pore-scale seismic-electromagnetic interactions of marsquakes traversing deep aquifers to detect and characterize water qualities important for the study of astrobiology. This is the first application of seismo-electricity to a world beyond our own, where many of the issues that seismo-electricity faces on Earth are trivial or non-existent. This method could go on to aid future missions to other planets in their search for habitable ecosystems.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0176.
■650 4▼aLithology
■650 4▼aEarthquakes
■650 4▼aElectric fields
■650 4▼aAquifers
■650 4▼aGeology
■650 4▼aElectromagnetics
■650 4▼aGeophysics
■650 4▼aHydrologic sciences
■650 4▼aWater resources management
■690 ▼a0372
■690 ▼a0607
■690 ▼a0373
■690 ▼a0467
■690 ▼a0388
■690 ▼a0595
■71020▼aThe Pennsylvania State University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-04B.
■790 ▼a0176
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360208▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


