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Shallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Electromagnetic Interactions
Shallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Elect...
Shallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Electromagnetic Interactions

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105322
ISBN  
9798297671973
DDC  
552
저자명  
Roth, Nolan.
서명/저자  
Shallow Earth to Deep Mars: Subsurface Characterization Driven by Multiscale Seismic-Electromagnetic Interactions
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
183 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zhu, Tieyuan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Studying what lies beneath the surfaces of our Earth and the other planets in our Solar System can help us develop our understanding of life in the universe, responsibly utilize the mineral, energy, or water resources of the near- and deep-subsurface, and ensure that we as humans interact with these worlds in safe and sustainable ways. This dissertation investigates two phenomena that bridge solid-Earth geophysics and electromagnetics and develops methods to leverage them for novel subsurface characterization on Earth and Mars. I present conclusions that expand our abilities to passively produce high-resolution, near-surface seismic images in regions of low seismicity, and I demonstrate a new method to prospect for liquid water deeply buried in the crust of Mars.In Chapter 2, I present an initial study on ``thunderquakes'', seismic signals produced by the largest electrostatic discharges on Earth. Thunderquakes are frequent natural seismic sources in storm-prone regions and have been clearly observed in numerous environments by both seismic and acoustic instruments. Despite these numerous observations, the physical nature of thunderquake wavefields detected by ground-based arrays was poorly understood. The possibility of electroseismic conversion due to lightning's powerful electromagnetic fields was, until now, unstudied. I use 3D numerical simulations alongside a novel data-driven azimuthal strain-rate analysis technique to show that thunderquakes begin as airborne acoustic waves before coupling with the Earth as Rayleigh waves and Love waves that are generated by local sources near the receiver, such as surface or subsurface topography or urban infrastructure. These conclusions suggest thunder observations from a DAS array can be used to infer the structure of the near surface. An estimate of the Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities is produced using a novel data analysis method unique to DAS. Further, I demonstrate that electro-seismic coupling does not play a significant role in the thunderquake wavefields. While these simulations do not fully capture the realistic frequency of the electro-seismic coupled wavefield, theory suggests that the wavefield is high frequency and thus quickly attenuated in the saturated near-surface soils.Following these results, in Chapter 3 I demonstrate that thunderquakes can be effectively used for passive seismic tomography. I leverage the 458 high-quality thunderquakes recorded by the FORESEE array to image the urban karst subsurface in State College. The resulting image reveals several previously undetected weak zones, some coinciding with surface subsidence measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The tomographic results are validated by independent borehole logs and engineering surveys. This work establishes thunderquakes as novel, meteorologically-driven sources for passive seismic imaging in regions with limited access to traditional seismic sources.In Chapter 4 I present the second case study, which extends the concept of seismoelectric coupling, the pore-scale interaction between seismic and electromagnetic wavefields, to Mars. Deep Martian aquifers harboring liquid water could hold vital insights for current and past habitability. I show that with seismo-electric interface responses (IRs) we can quantitatively characterize subsurface water on Mars. Full-waveform simulations and sensitivity analyses across diverse Martian aquifer scenarios demonstrate the technique's effectiveness. In contrast to how seismo-electric signals often appear on Earth, Mars' desiccated surface naturally removes co-seismic fields and exposes useful IRs that allow us to characterize several aquifer properties. Changing the aquifer depth, thickness, or quantity changes the IR arrival times or shape: aquifer depth is a strong control on evanescent IRs, thickness affects the relative timing of IRs, and increasing the number of aquifers introduces more dipole sources to the waveform. Other factors, such as aquifer saturation, chemistry, and salinity, strongly affect IR amplitude but have minimal or no effect on waveform shape. Notably, for a deep low-porosity aquifer, the salinity and brine chemistry (perchlorate versus chloride) are the strongest controls on signal amplitude. Analyzing the effects of epicentral distance shows that radiating and evanescent IRs separate at large source-receiver offset, allowing analyses of both signals and accurate event distance derivation. Beginning from these numerical investigations, future analyses of electromagnetic data from the InSight lander or future missions to Mars and other planets could be significantly enriched.This thesis advances seismology as it interfaces with electromagnetic phenomena on Earth and Mars. For the first time, atmospheric electrostatic discharges are used to image the solid-Earth. These results were made possible by novel avenues of investigating seismic wavefields captured by distributed acoustic sensing and advanced numerical models. This work also demonstrates the possibility of analyzing the pore-scale seismic-electromagnetic interactions of marsquakes traversing deep aquifers to detect and characterize water qualities important for the study of astrobiology. This is the first application of seismo-electricity to a world beyond our own, where many of the issues that seismo-electricity faces on Earth are trivial or non-existent. This method could go on to aid future missions to other planets in their search for habitable ecosystems.
일반주제명  
Lithology
일반주제명  
Earthquakes
일반주제명  
Electric fields
일반주제명  
Aquifers
일반주제명  
Geology
일반주제명  
Electromagnetics
일반주제명  
Geophysics
일반주제명  
Hydrologic sciences
일반주제명  
Water resources management
기타저자  
The Pennsylvania State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aRoth,  Nolan.
■24510▼aShallow  Earth  to  Deep  Mars:  Subsurface  Characterization  Driven  by  Multiscale  Seismic-Electromagnetic  Interactions
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a183  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zhu,  Tieyuan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aStudying  what  lies  beneath  the  surfaces  of  our  Earth  and  the  other  planets  in  our  Solar  System  can  help  us  develop  our  understanding  of  life  in  the  universe,  responsibly  utilize  the  mineral,  energy,  or  water  resources  of  the  near-  and  deep-subsurface,  and  ensure  that  we  as  humans  interact  with  these  worlds  in  safe  and  sustainable  ways.  This  dissertation  investigates  two  phenomena  that  bridge  solid-Earth  geophysics  and  electromagnetics  and  develops  methods  to  leverage  them  for  novel  subsurface  characterization  on  Earth  and  Mars.  I  present  conclusions  that  expand  our  abilities  to  passively  produce  high-resolution,  near-surface  seismic  images  in  regions  of  low  seismicity,  and  I  demonstrate  a  new  method  to  prospect  for  liquid  water  deeply  buried  in  the  crust  of  Mars.In  Chapter  2,  I  present  an  initial  study  on  ``thunderquakes'',  seismic  signals  produced  by  the  largest  electrostatic  discharges  on  Earth.  Thunderquakes  are  frequent  natural  seismic  sources  in  storm-prone  regions  and  have  been  clearly  observed  in  numerous  environments  by  both  seismic  and  acoustic  instruments.  Despite  these  numerous  observations,  the  physical  nature  of  thunderquake  wavefields  detected  by  ground-based  arrays  was  poorly  understood.  The  possibility  of  electroseismic  conversion  due  to  lightning's  powerful  electromagnetic  fields  was,  until  now,  unstudied.  I  use  3D  numerical  simulations  alongside  a  novel  data-driven  azimuthal  strain-rate  analysis  technique  to  show  that  thunderquakes  begin  as  airborne  acoustic  waves  before  coupling  with  the  Earth  as  Rayleigh  waves  and  Love  waves  that  are  generated  by  local  sources  near  the  receiver,  such  as  surface  or  subsurface  topography  or  urban  infrastructure.  These  conclusions  suggest  thunder  observations  from  a  DAS  array  can  be  used  to  infer  the  structure  of  the  near  surface.  An  estimate  of  the  Rayleigh  and  Love  wave  phase  velocities  is  produced  using  a  novel  data  analysis  method  unique  to  DAS.  Further,  I  demonstrate  that  electro-seismic  coupling  does  not  play  a  significant  role  in  the  thunderquake  wavefields.  While  these  simulations  do  not  fully  capture  the  realistic  frequency  of  the  electro-seismic  coupled  wavefield,  theory  suggests  that  the  wavefield  is  high  frequency  and  thus  quickly  attenuated  in  the  saturated  near-surface  soils.Following  these  results,  in  Chapter  3  I  demonstrate  that  thunderquakes  can  be  effectively  used  for  passive  seismic  tomography.  I  leverage  the  458  high-quality  thunderquakes  recorded  by  the  FORESEE  array  to  image  the  urban  karst  subsurface  in  State  College.  The  resulting  image  reveals  several  previously  undetected  weak  zones,  some  coinciding  with  surface  subsidence  measured  by  Interferometric  Synthetic  Aperture  Radar  (InSAR).  The  tomographic  results  are  validated  by  independent  borehole  logs  and  engineering  surveys.  This  work  establishes  thunderquakes  as  novel,  meteorologically-driven  sources  for  passive  seismic  imaging  in  regions  with  limited  access  to  traditional  seismic  sources.In  Chapter  4  I  present  the  second  case  study,  which  extends  the  concept  of  seismoelectric  coupling,  the  pore-scale  interaction  between  seismic  and  electromagnetic  wavefields,  to  Mars.  Deep  Martian  aquifers  harboring  liquid  water  could  hold  vital  insights  for  current  and  past  habitability.  I  show  that  with  seismo-electric  interface  responses  (IRs)  we  can  quantitatively  characterize  subsurface  water  on  Mars.  Full-waveform  simulations  and  sensitivity  analyses  across  diverse  Martian  aquifer  scenarios  demonstrate  the  technique's  effectiveness.  In  contrast  to  how  seismo-electric  signals  often  appear  on  Earth,  Mars'  desiccated  surface  naturally  removes  co-seismic  fields  and  exposes  useful  IRs  that  allow  us  to  characterize  several  aquifer  properties.  Changing  the  aquifer  depth,  thickness,  or  quantity  changes  the  IR  arrival  times  or  shape:  aquifer  depth  is  a  strong  control  on  evanescent  IRs,  thickness  affects  the  relative  timing  of  IRs,  and  increasing  the  number  of  aquifers  introduces  more  dipole  sources  to  the  waveform.  Other  factors,  such  as  aquifer  saturation,  chemistry,  and  salinity,  strongly  affect  IR  amplitude  but  have  minimal  or  no  effect  on  waveform  shape.  Notably,  for  a  deep  low-porosity  aquifer,  the  salinity  and  brine  chemistry  (perchlorate  versus  chloride)  are  the  strongest  controls  on  signal  amplitude.  Analyzing  the  effects  of  epicentral  distance  shows  that  radiating  and  evanescent  IRs  separate  at  large  source-receiver  offset,  allowing  analyses  of  both  signals  and  accurate  event  distance  derivation.  Beginning  from  these  numerical  investigations,  future  analyses  of  electromagnetic  data  from  the  InSight  lander  or  future  missions  to  Mars  and  other  planets  could  be  significantly  enriched.This  thesis  advances  seismology  as  it  interfaces  with  electromagnetic  phenomena  on  Earth  and  Mars.  For  the  first  time,  atmospheric  electrostatic  discharges  are  used  to  image  the  solid-Earth.  These  results  were  made  possible  by  novel  avenues  of  investigating  seismic  wavefields  captured  by  distributed  acoustic  sensing  and  advanced  numerical  models.  This  work  also  demonstrates  the  possibility  of  analyzing  the  pore-scale  seismic-electromagnetic  interactions  of  marsquakes  traversing  deep  aquifers  to  detect  and  characterize  water  qualities  important  for  the  study  of  astrobiology.  This  is  the  first  application  of  seismo-electricity  to  a  world  beyond  our  own,  where  many  of  the  issues  that  seismo-electricity  faces  on  Earth  are  trivial  or  non-existent.  This  method  could  go  on  to  aid  future  missions  to  other  planets  in  their  search  for  habitable  ecosystems.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aLithology
■650  4▼aEarthquakes
■650  4▼aElectric  fields
■650  4▼aAquifers
■650  4▼aGeology
■650  4▼aElectromagnetics
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■650  4▼aHydrologic  sciences
■650  4▼aWater  resources  management
■690    ▼a0372
■690    ▼a0607
■690    ▼a0373
■690    ▼a0467
■690    ▼a0388
■690    ▼a0595
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360208▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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