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Mind the Gap: Three Papers on the Dynamics of Elite and Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy
Mind the Gap: Three Papers on the Dynamics of Elite and Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Pol...
Mind the Gap: Three Papers on the Dynamics of Elite and Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103554
ISBN  
9798288864780
DDC  
320
저자명  
Blinkinsop, Andrew.
서명/저자  
Mind the Gap: Three Papers on the Dynamics of Elite and Public Opinion on U.S. Foreign Policy
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
143 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hyde, Susan;Brutger, Ryan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The United States public doesn't know very much about foreign policy. Though the interests and actions of the U.S. span the globe and have profound impacts on the lives of its citizens, the issues at stake can seem obscure and far-removed from the everyday experience of the average voter. This lack of knowledge, and the corresponding lack of emphasis the public tends to place on foreign policy when compared to domestic concerns when polled, can lead scholars to be dismissive of the importance of public opinion when it comes to foreign policy. Yet politicians do not act as if the public doesn't matter--they talk about foreign policy often, and do so in ways meant to persuade the public to their side. Indeed, despite the low priority the U.S. public generally gives foreign policy in polls, when a foreign policy issue breaks through, it can break through in a big way. From the political convulsions set off by the Vietnam War to the unlikely elevation of Barack Obama to the Presidency on the strength of his opposition to the Iraq War, one need not squint to see evidence of major electoral impacts brought on by public dissatisfaction with the way U.S. foreign policy is conducted. Even outside of major international events and crises, the effort that politicians make to move public opinion on foreign policy issues indicates its importance.How well do these persuasive efforts work? A large literature in political science on "elite cues'' has shown that the public looks to like-minded political leaders for signals in order to form opinions on issues, especially when they have little knowledge of those issues. In this literature, partisanship has traditionally been the master variable when it comes to which elites are considered "like-minded'' by a given voter. With partisan polarization increasing among both elites and the public in recent decades, this connection between partisans in the public and their co-partisan leaders seems like it should be stronger than ever. However, foreign policy has long been a domain where partisan divisions are less stark and less stable. Which of the two major parties in the U.S. of the 2020s is "anti-war?'' Which favors free trade? Is partisanship the key to understanding how and when elites are able to move the public on foreign policy?In this dissertation, I present three papers that all deal with the connection between elites and the U.S. public and that all investigate the ways partisan identity interacts with this relationship. The overall picture that emerges is one of a public estranged from its own partisan elites on international matters. The public is not an empty box, ready to be filled by elites. Rather, members of the public hold attitudes that are often in opposition to those held by their leaders, and display resistance to persuasion in various ways. Furthermore, when voters use partisanship as a heuristic to form opinions about foreign policy issues, they do so in sophisticated ways. Instead of merely adopting the attitudes of co-partisan elites, the public uses partisanship as a piece of information to make decisions about what policies to support.In the first paper, I ask how divisions between elite and public opinion on foreign policy have changed over time. Drawing on the most comprehensive source of data on U.S. public and elite foreign policy opinion, the Chicago Council on Global Affairs surveys, I show that the public and elites disagree on foreign policy issues more now than they ever have. I leverage unique aspects of this rich source of opinion data, namely the repetition of the same questions over many years, to show that these elite/public gaps also do not tend to shrink over time. This descriptive study replicates and extends prior work on Chicago Council opinion surveys by Benjamin Page and Marshall Bouton, adding twenty years of more recent data, analyzing trends more rigorously, and bringing data on partisanship into the analysis of elite/public gaps. Partisanship emerges as an increasingly important factor structuring public opinion on foreign policy, but even in our contemporary era of extreme polarization, divisions between elites and the public outstrip divisions between the parties.In the second paper, I ask how partisan cues affect public opinion when multiple partisan elites are communicating to the public simultaneously. In an environment with multiple elites attempting persuasion, how does the public react to the partisan identity of the elites? Can the persuasive power of a president be constrained by dissent from within their own party? Two heuristic models of public opinion formation put emphasis on either partisan loyalty or surprising opinions, and produce distinct expectations for opinion formation in a complex multiple-cue environment. I run a survey experiment on a representative sample of U.S. adults in order to test these models, using a hypothetical security scenario as a test case. While I find no support for the expected effect of intraparty dissent weakening a President's persuasive power, the results do provide support for the surprising opinions heuristic over the "partisan loyalty" heuristic. At least in some contexts of elites persuading the public, the public is more likely to use partisanship as a source of potential information about policy than as a signal to cheerlead "their side."In the third paper, I dive below the level of partisan affiliation into foreign policy ideologies. Isolationists and internationalists exist in both the Democratic and Republican parties, as do hawks and doves. Partisan elites use rhetoric that appeals to these two dimensions of foreign policy ideology in their public statements. How effective are these different types of ideological rhetoric when persuading the public on the issue of defending an ally? Using a second survey experiment, I show that there is little difference between how Republican and Democratic voters respond to these rhetorical appeals. However, voters' ideological predispositions do influence what sorts of appeals they respond to.Together, these three papers show that the dynamics of elites and the public on foreign policy go beyond partisanship, even in an age of hyper-polarization.
일반주제명  
Political science
키워드  
American politics
키워드  
Elite cues
키워드  
Foreign policy
키워드  
Public opinion
키워드  
Survey experiment
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Political Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■24510▼aMind  the  Gap:  Three  Papers  on  the  Dynamics  of  Elite  and  Public  Opinion  on  U.S.  Foreign  Policy
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a143  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hyde,  Susan;Brutger,  Ryan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  United  States  public  doesn't  know  very  much  about  foreign  policy.  Though  the  interests  and  actions  of  the  U.S.  span  the  globe  and  have  profound  impacts  on  the  lives  of  its  citizens,  the  issues  at  stake  can  seem  obscure  and  far-removed  from  the  everyday  experience  of  the  average  voter.  This  lack  of  knowledge,  and  the  corresponding  lack  of  emphasis  the  public  tends  to  place  on  foreign  policy  when  compared  to  domestic  concerns  when  polled,  can  lead  scholars  to  be  dismissive  of  the  importance  of  public  opinion  when  it  comes  to  foreign  policy.  Yet  politicians  do  not  act  as  if  the  public  doesn't  matter--they  talk  about  foreign  policy  often,  and  do  so  in  ways  meant  to  persuade  the  public  to  their  side.  Indeed,  despite  the  low  priority  the  U.S.  public  generally  gives  foreign  policy  in  polls,  when  a  foreign  policy  issue  breaks  through,  it  can  break  through  in  a  big  way.  From  the  political  convulsions  set  off  by  the  Vietnam  War  to  the  unlikely  elevation  of  Barack  Obama  to  the  Presidency  on  the  strength  of  his  opposition  to  the  Iraq  War,  one  need  not  squint  to  see  evidence  of  major  electoral  impacts  brought  on  by  public  dissatisfaction  with  the  way  U.S.  foreign  policy  is  conducted.  Even  outside  of  major  international  events  and  crises,  the  effort  that  politicians  make  to  move  public  opinion  on  foreign  policy  issues  indicates  its  importance.How  well  do  these  persuasive  efforts  work?  A  large  literature  in  political  science  on  "elite  cues''  has  shown  that  the  public  looks  to  like-minded  political  leaders  for  signals  in  order  to  form  opinions  on  issues,  especially  when  they  have  little  knowledge  of  those  issues.  In  this  literature,  partisanship  has  traditionally  been  the  master  variable  when  it  comes  to  which  elites  are  considered  "like-minded''  by  a  given  voter.  With  partisan  polarization  increasing  among  both  elites  and  the  public  in  recent  decades,  this  connection  between  partisans  in  the  public  and  their  co-partisan  leaders  seems  like  it  should  be  stronger  than  ever.  However,  foreign  policy  has  long  been  a  domain  where  partisan  divisions  are  less  stark  and  less  stable.  Which  of  the  two  major  parties  in  the  U.S.  of  the  2020s  is  "anti-war?''  Which  favors  free  trade?  Is  partisanship  the  key  to  understanding  how  and  when  elites  are  able  to  move  the  public  on  foreign  policy?In  this  dissertation,  I  present  three  papers  that  all  deal  with  the  connection  between  elites  and  the  U.S.  public  and  that  all  investigate  the  ways  partisan  identity  interacts  with  this  relationship.  The  overall  picture  that  emerges  is  one  of  a  public  estranged  from  its  own  partisan  elites  on  international  matters.  The  public  is  not  an  empty  box,  ready  to  be  filled  by  elites.  Rather,  members  of  the  public  hold  attitudes  that  are  often  in  opposition  to  those  held  by  their  leaders,  and  display  resistance  to  persuasion  in  various  ways.  Furthermore,  when  voters  use  partisanship  as  a  heuristic  to  form  opinions  about  foreign  policy  issues,  they  do  so  in  sophisticated  ways.  Instead  of  merely  adopting  the  attitudes  of  co-partisan  elites,  the  public  uses  partisanship  as  a  piece  of  information  to  make  decisions  about  what  policies  to  support.In  the  first  paper,  I  ask  how  divisions  between  elite  and  public  opinion  on  foreign  policy  have  changed  over  time.  Drawing  on  the  most  comprehensive  source  of  data  on  U.S.  public  and  elite  foreign  policy  opinion,  the  Chicago  Council  on  Global  Affairs  surveys,  I  show  that  the  public  and  elites  disagree  on  foreign  policy  issues  more  now  than  they  ever  have.  I  leverage  unique  aspects  of  this  rich  source  of  opinion  data,  namely  the  repetition  of  the  same  questions  over  many  years,  to  show  that  these  elite/public  gaps  also  do  not  tend  to  shrink  over  time.  This  descriptive  study  replicates  and  extends  prior  work  on  Chicago  Council  opinion  surveys  by  Benjamin  Page  and  Marshall  Bouton,  adding  twenty  years  of  more  recent  data,  analyzing  trends  more  rigorously,  and  bringing  data  on  partisanship  into  the  analysis  of  elite/public  gaps.  Partisanship  emerges  as  an  increasingly  important  factor  structuring  public  opinion  on  foreign  policy,  but  even  in  our  contemporary  era  of  extreme  polarization,  divisions  between  elites  and  the  public  outstrip  divisions  between  the  parties.In  the  second  paper,  I  ask  how  partisan  cues  affect  public  opinion  when  multiple  partisan  elites  are  communicating  to  the  public  simultaneously.  In  an  environment  with  multiple  elites  attempting  persuasion,  how  does  the  public  react  to  the  partisan  identity  of  the  elites?  Can  the  persuasive  power  of  a  president  be  constrained  by  dissent  from  within  their  own  party?  Two  heuristic  models  of  public  opinion  formation  put  emphasis  on  either  partisan  loyalty  or  surprising  opinions,  and  produce  distinct  expectations  for  opinion  formation  in  a  complex  multiple-cue  environment.  I  run  a  survey  experiment  on  a  representative  sample  of  U.S.  adults  in  order  to  test  these  models,  using  a  hypothetical  security  scenario  as  a  test  case.  While  I  find  no  support  for  the  expected  effect  of  intraparty  dissent  weakening  a  President's  persuasive  power,  the  results  do  provide  support  for  the  surprising  opinions  heuristic  over  the  "partisan  loyalty"  heuristic.  At  least  in  some  contexts  of  elites  persuading  the  public,  the  public  is  more  likely  to  use  partisanship  as  a  source  of  potential  information  about  policy  than  as  a  signal  to  cheerlead  "their  side."In  the  third  paper,  I  dive  below  the  level  of  partisan  affiliation  into  foreign  policy  ideologies.  Isolationists  and  internationalists  exist  in  both  the  Democratic  and  Republican  parties,  as  do  hawks  and  doves.  Partisan  elites  use  rhetoric  that  appeals  to  these  two  dimensions  of  foreign  policy  ideology  in  their  public  statements.  How  effective  are  these  different  types  of  ideological  rhetoric  when  persuading  the  public  on  the  issue  of  defending  an  ally?  Using  a  second  survey  experiment,  I  show  that  there  is  little  difference  between  how  Republican  and  Democratic  voters  respond  to  these  rhetorical  appeals.  However,  voters'  ideological  predispositions  do  influence  what  sorts  of  appeals  they  respond  to.Together,  these  three  papers  show  that  the  dynamics  of  elites  and  the  public  on  foreign  policy  go  beyond  partisanship,  even  in  an  age  of  hyper-polarization.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■653    ▼aAmerican  politics
■653    ▼aElite  cues
■653    ▼aForeign  policy
■653    ▼aPublic  opinion
■653    ▼aSurvey  experiment
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0601
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bPolitical  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01A.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357743▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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