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Essays on Health and Economic Outcomes over the Life-Course
Essays on Health and Economic Outcomes over the Life-Course
Essays on Health and Economic Outcomes over the Life-Course

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103557
ISBN  
9798280715127
DDC  
614
저자명  
Hayes, Marai.
서명/저자  
Essays on Health and Economic Outcomes over the Life-Course
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
158 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Maestas, Nicole.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation studies how health and health policies impact economic outcomes like earnings, employment, disability application, and wealth accumulation throughout the life course. The first two chapters focus on the role of childhood health in shaping life-long economic inequality. The third paper focuses on outcomes after disability onset in midlife and the role of employer-sponsored health insurance.Chapter 1 investigates the role of childhood health on economic outcomes over the life-cycle using uniquely detailed data from the Health and Retirement Study with a linkage to Social Security administrative earnings records. I first present several key facts about the role of childhood health in long-term economic outcomes: childhood health is associated with substantial gaps in earnings and employment throughout the prime working years; gaps peak in midlife when poorer childhood health is associated with a 7.5 percentage point reduction in employment and a reduction of $6,000 in earnings; and these gaps translate to substantial gaps in wealth in retirement. I then implement a quasi-experimental approach using variation in access to the measles vaccine upon its introduction to test for a causal effect of childhood health on later-life economic outcomes. While I find no evidence for a causal link between the measles vaccine and later life outcomes, my results reflect a need to better understand the specific channels through which childhood health effects persist. Chapter 2 extends on work in Chapter 1 and investigates the role of childhood health in shaping racial economic inequality over the life course. Many of the same structural and systemic barriers that impact racial economic disparities have also produced disparities in child health among Black Americans, and childhood health has consistently been shown to be a predictor of labor market and human capital outcomes later in life. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study with a linkage to Social Security Administration earnings records, I find that poorer childhood health is associated with disproportionately large reductions in earnings and employment for Black respondents over the life course compared to White respondents. In Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions, I find that up to 2.4% of the earnings gap and 12.2% of the employment gap in my sample can be attributed to childhood health, with the contribution being greatest in midlife. Conversely, childhood health has little role in shaping Black wealth or the Black-White wealth gap, likely reflecting the greater influence of other factors in shaping these outcomes. These results highlight a small, but potentially important impact of childhood health as well as the need to continue addressing structural barriers to racial economic equality in the U.S.Chapter 3 (with Nicole Maestas and Kathleen Mullen) studies the potential for "employment lock", a phenomenon where individuals are reluctant to leave their current job due to fear of losing their employer-sponsored health insurance coverage, among workers experiencing the onset of a new disability. We use prospective longitudinal data on newly disabled older workers from the Health and Retirement Study to examine the effect of employer sponsorship of health insurance (ESHI) on post-onset employment and disability insurance claiming. We compare outcomes of workers with ESHI and no access to another coverage source immediately prior to onset with outcomes of two comparison groups: individuals with ESHI who also have access to an alternative coverage source, those who are covered by coverage source other than ESHI prior to onset. We find limited evidence of "employment lock" only when restricting to newly disabled older workers. We find no evidence that ESHI impedes application for Social Security Disability Insurance, but ESHI is associated with higher rates of disability receipt for newly disabled older workers.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Aging
키워드  
Employment
키워드  
Household wealth accumulation
키워드  
Income inequality
키워드  
Labor economics
기타저자  
Harvard University Health Policy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a158  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Maestas,  Nicole.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  studies  how  health  and  health  policies  impact  economic  outcomes  like  earnings,  employment,  disability  application,  and  wealth  accumulation  throughout  the  life  course.  The  first  two  chapters  focus  on  the  role  of  childhood  health  in  shaping  life-long  economic  inequality.  The  third  paper  focuses  on  outcomes  after  disability  onset  in  midlife  and  the  role  of  employer-sponsored  health  insurance.Chapter  1  investigates  the  role  of  childhood  health  on  economic  outcomes  over  the  life-cycle  using  uniquely  detailed  data  from  the  Health  and  Retirement  Study  with  a  linkage  to  Social  Security  administrative  earnings  records.  I  first  present  several  key  facts  about  the  role  of  childhood  health  in  long-term  economic  outcomes:  childhood  health  is  associated  with  substantial  gaps  in  earnings  and  employment  throughout  the  prime  working  years;  gaps  peak  in  midlife  when  poorer  childhood  health  is  associated  with  a  7.5  percentage  point  reduction  in  employment  and  a  reduction  of  $6,000  in  earnings;  and  these  gaps  translate  to  substantial  gaps  in  wealth  in  retirement.  I  then  implement  a  quasi-experimental  approach  using  variation  in  access  to  the  measles  vaccine  upon  its  introduction  to  test  for  a  causal  effect  of  childhood  health  on  later-life  economic  outcomes.  While  I  find  no  evidence  for  a  causal  link  between  the  measles  vaccine  and  later  life  outcomes,  my  results  reflect  a  need  to  better  understand  the  specific  channels  through  which  childhood  health  effects  persist.  Chapter  2  extends  on  work  in  Chapter  1  and  investigates  the  role  of  childhood  health  in  shaping  racial  economic  inequality  over  the  life  course.  Many  of  the  same  structural  and  systemic  barriers  that  impact  racial  economic  disparities  have  also  produced  disparities  in  child  health  among  Black  Americans,  and  childhood  health  has  consistently  been  shown  to  be  a  predictor  of  labor  market  and  human  capital  outcomes  later  in  life.  Using  data  from  the  Health  and  Retirement  Study  with  a  linkage  to  Social  Security  Administration  earnings  records,  I  find  that  poorer  childhood  health  is  associated  with  disproportionately  large  reductions  in  earnings  and  employment  for  Black  respondents  over  the  life  course  compared  to  White  respondents.  In  Oaxaca-Blinder  decompositions,  I  find  that  up  to  2.4%  of  the  earnings  gap  and  12.2%  of  the  employment  gap  in  my  sample  can  be  attributed  to  childhood  health,  with  the  contribution  being  greatest  in  midlife.  Conversely,  childhood  health  has  little  role  in  shaping  Black  wealth  or  the  Black-White  wealth  gap,  likely  reflecting  the  greater  influence  of  other  factors  in  shaping  these  outcomes.  These  results  highlight  a  small,  but  potentially  important  impact  of  childhood  health  as  well  as  the  need  to  continue  addressing  structural  barriers  to  racial  economic  equality  in  the  U.S.Chapter  3  (with  Nicole  Maestas  and  Kathleen  Mullen)  studies  the  potential  for  "employment  lock",  a  phenomenon  where  individuals  are  reluctant  to  leave  their  current  job  due  to  fear  of  losing  their  employer-sponsored  health  insurance  coverage,  among  workers  experiencing  the  onset  of  a  new  disability.  We  use  prospective  longitudinal  data  on  newly  disabled  older  workers  from  the  Health  and  Retirement  Study  to  examine  the  effect  of  employer  sponsorship  of  health  insurance  (ESHI)  on  post-onset  employment  and  disability  insurance  claiming.  We  compare  outcomes  of  workers  with  ESHI  and  no  access  to  another  coverage  source  immediately  prior  to  onset  with  outcomes  of  two  comparison  groups:  individuals  with  ESHI  who  also  have  access  to  an  alternative  coverage  source,  those  who  are  covered  by  coverage  source  other  than  ESHI  prior  to  onset.  We  find  limited  evidence  of  "employment  lock"  only  when  restricting  to  newly  disabled  older  workers.  We  find  no  evidence  that  ESHI  impedes  application  for  Social  Security  Disability  Insurance,  but  ESHI  is  associated  with  higher  rates  of  disability  receipt  for  newly  disabled  older  workers.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aAging
■653    ▼aEmployment
■653    ▼aHousehold  wealth  accumulation
■653    ▼aIncome  inequality
■653    ▼aLabor  economics
■690    ▼a0501
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■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0511
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bHealth  Policy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357763▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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