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Biophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics
Biophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics
Biophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103558
ISBN  
9798293887866
DDC  
510
저자명  
Savinov, Mariya.
서명/저자  
Biophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
278 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Mogilner, Alex.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The actomyosin cytoskeleton---complex self-organized assemblies of actin protein filaments, myosin molecular motors, and auxiliary proteins---dynamically rearranges throughout the cell cycle to form active, force-generating subcellular structures which the cell harnesses for essential processes including division, motility, and mechanosensing. The improper regulation or function of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is tied to a myriad of diseases, so developing an understanding of the dynamics and, moreover, regulation of the cytoskeleton is essential. In this dissertation, we use mathematical modeling in collaboration with experimental labs to explore the careful interplay of factors which govern actomyosin dynamics.In Chapter 1, we explore the importance of system size on the dynamics of actomyosin networks with rapid turnover, working with the lab of Prof. Kinneret Keren who employ a reconstituted system based on cell extracts embedded in water-in-oil droplets of varying size. We present the experimentally observed size-dependent transition in the network's dynamic behavior: from steady contractile flow in small droplets to periodic waves of contraction in large droplets. We develop a mathematical model of the actomyosin network as a viscous fluid evolving according to a reaction-drift equation, capturing key experimental results and predicting the transition size as a function of network parameters. Central to the resultant theoretical framework is the how network percolation determines distinct mechanical regimes of the actomyosin network, and the inherent conflict of connectivity and contractility. Through a combination of experiments and theory, we demonstrate how varied contraction patterns can arise from the same microscopic constituents without invoking specific biochemical regulation.In Chapter 2, through a collaboration with the CytoMorpho Lab of Profs. Manuel Thery and Laurent Blanchoin (CEA), we examine the role of surface friction in the contraction of branched actomyosin networks, employing reconstituted actomyosin networks from purified proteins micropatterned on glass- and lipid- coated surfaces. We present the experimental evidence that surface friction guides actomyosin network contraction, in a manner which is surprisingly robust to the spatial distribution of myosin molecular motors. To uncover the underlying mechanisms behind this friction-dependent contraction, we model the actomyosin network as a viscoelastic, cable-network material with active stresses from advected myosin motors. Analysis and numerical simulation demonstrated that our model successfully reproduces key experimental results and explains why the friction, not myosin, pattern determines the compaction point through a center of drag argument. Our findings show how robust, cell-scale contractile behaviors can arise from patterning of resistive forces, explaining how homogeneous networks could contract asymmetrically in cells and tissues.Finally, in Chapter 3 we present a novel model for stress fibers, a different kind of actomyosin structure composed of thick bundles of filaments, immersed in bulk fine-mesh actomyosin networks. Though these different actomyosin structures coexist simultaneously in the cell, the extent to which stress fibers and bulk actomyosin networks impact each other's dynamics is still not well understood. We examine this interaction through the lens of fluid-structure interaction problems, utilizing the Immersed Boundary Method to couple models of stress fibers and bulk networks. Through numerical simulation, we characterize the dynamics of both bulk networks and stress fibers with and without interaction, capturing a variety of experimentally observed behaviors. Our work highlights the interplay and balance between coexisting actomyosin assemblies, and the relevance of hydrodynamic interactions between stress fibers and other higher-order contractile structures which make up the actomyosin cytoskeleton.
일반주제명  
Mathematics
일반주제명  
Biophysics
일반주제명  
Biomechanics
키워드  
Actomyosin
키워드  
Fluid-structure interaction
키워드  
Mathematical biology
키워드  
Modeling
키워드  
Numerical simulation
키워드  
Viscoelasticity
기타저자  
New York University Mathematics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aSavinov,  Mariya.
■24510▼aBiophysical  Modeling  and  Simulation  of  Contractile  Actomyosin  Dynamics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a278  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mogilner,  Alex.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  actomyosin  cytoskeleton---complex  self-organized  assemblies  of  actin  protein  filaments,  myosin  molecular  motors,  and  auxiliary  proteins---dynamically  rearranges  throughout  the  cell  cycle  to  form  active,  force-generating  subcellular  structures  which  the  cell  harnesses  for  essential  processes  including  division,  motility,  and  mechanosensing.  The  improper  regulation  or  function  of  the  actomyosin  cytoskeleton  is  tied  to  a  myriad  of  diseases,  so  developing  an  understanding  of  the  dynamics  and,  moreover,  regulation  of  the  cytoskeleton  is  essential.  In  this  dissertation,  we  use  mathematical  modeling  in  collaboration  with  experimental  labs  to  explore  the  careful  interplay  of  factors  which  govern  actomyosin  dynamics.In  Chapter  1,  we  explore  the  importance  of  system  size  on  the  dynamics  of  actomyosin  networks  with  rapid  turnover,  working  with  the  lab  of  Prof.  Kinneret  Keren  who  employ  a  reconstituted  system  based  on  cell  extracts  embedded  in  water-in-oil  droplets  of  varying  size.  We  present  the  experimentally  observed  size-dependent  transition  in  the  network's  dynamic  behavior:  from  steady  contractile  flow  in  small  droplets  to  periodic  waves  of  contraction  in  large  droplets.  We  develop  a  mathematical  model  of  the  actomyosin  network  as  a  viscous  fluid  evolving  according  to  a  reaction-drift  equation,  capturing  key  experimental  results  and  predicting  the  transition  size  as  a  function  of  network  parameters.  Central  to  the  resultant  theoretical  framework  is  the  how  network  percolation  determines  distinct  mechanical  regimes  of  the  actomyosin  network,  and  the  inherent  conflict  of  connectivity  and  contractility.  Through  a  combination  of  experiments  and  theory,  we  demonstrate  how  varied  contraction  patterns  can  arise  from  the  same  microscopic  constituents  without  invoking  specific  biochemical  regulation.In  Chapter  2,  through  a  collaboration  with  the  CytoMorpho  Lab  of  Profs.  Manuel  Thery  and  Laurent  Blanchoin  (CEA),  we  examine  the  role  of  surface  friction  in  the  contraction  of  branched  actomyosin  networks,  employing  reconstituted  actomyosin  networks  from  purified  proteins  micropatterned  on  glass-  and  lipid-  coated  surfaces.  We  present  the  experimental  evidence  that  surface  friction  guides  actomyosin  network  contraction,  in  a  manner  which  is  surprisingly  robust  to  the  spatial  distribution  of  myosin  molecular  motors.  To  uncover  the  underlying  mechanisms  behind  this  friction-dependent  contraction,  we  model  the  actomyosin  network  as  a  viscoelastic,  cable-network  material  with  active  stresses  from  advected  myosin  motors.  Analysis  and  numerical  simulation  demonstrated  that  our  model  successfully  reproduces  key  experimental  results  and  explains  why  the  friction,  not  myosin,  pattern  determines  the  compaction  point  through  a  center  of  drag  argument.  Our  findings  show  how  robust,  cell-scale  contractile  behaviors  can  arise  from  patterning  of  resistive  forces,  explaining  how  homogeneous  networks  could  contract  asymmetrically  in  cells  and  tissues.Finally,  in  Chapter  3  we  present  a  novel  model  for  stress  fibers,  a  different  kind  of  actomyosin  structure  composed  of  thick  bundles  of  filaments,  immersed  in  bulk  fine-mesh  actomyosin  networks.  Though  these  different  actomyosin  structures  coexist  simultaneously  in  the  cell,  the  extent  to  which  stress  fibers  and  bulk  actomyosin  networks  impact  each  other's  dynamics  is  still  not  well  understood.  We  examine  this  interaction  through  the  lens  of  fluid-structure  interaction  problems,  utilizing  the  Immersed  Boundary  Method  to  couple  models  of  stress  fibers  and  bulk  networks.  Through  numerical  simulation,  we  characterize  the  dynamics  of  both  bulk  networks  and  stress  fibers  with  and  without  interaction,  capturing  a  variety  of  experimentally  observed  behaviors.  Our  work  highlights  the  interplay  and  balance  between  coexisting  actomyosin  assemblies,  and  the  relevance  of  hydrodynamic  interactions  between  stress  fibers  and  other  higher-order  contractile  structures  which  make  up  the  actomyosin  cytoskeleton.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aMathematics
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■650  4▼aBiomechanics
■653    ▼aActomyosin
■653    ▼aFluid-structure  interaction
■653    ▼aMathematical  biology
■653    ▼aModeling
■653    ▼aNumerical  simulation
■653    ▼aViscoelasticity
■690    ▼a0405
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0648
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bMathematics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357776▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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