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Biophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics
Biophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103558
- ISBN
- 9798293887866
- DDC
- 510
- 저자명
- Savinov, Mariya.
- 서명/저자
- Biophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : New York University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 278 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Mogilner, Alex.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The actomyosin cytoskeleton---complex self-organized assemblies of actin protein filaments, myosin molecular motors, and auxiliary proteins---dynamically rearranges throughout the cell cycle to form active, force-generating subcellular structures which the cell harnesses for essential processes including division, motility, and mechanosensing. The improper regulation or function of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is tied to a myriad of diseases, so developing an understanding of the dynamics and, moreover, regulation of the cytoskeleton is essential. In this dissertation, we use mathematical modeling in collaboration with experimental labs to explore the careful interplay of factors which govern actomyosin dynamics.In Chapter 1, we explore the importance of system size on the dynamics of actomyosin networks with rapid turnover, working with the lab of Prof. Kinneret Keren who employ a reconstituted system based on cell extracts embedded in water-in-oil droplets of varying size. We present the experimentally observed size-dependent transition in the network's dynamic behavior: from steady contractile flow in small droplets to periodic waves of contraction in large droplets. We develop a mathematical model of the actomyosin network as a viscous fluid evolving according to a reaction-drift equation, capturing key experimental results and predicting the transition size as a function of network parameters. Central to the resultant theoretical framework is the how network percolation determines distinct mechanical regimes of the actomyosin network, and the inherent conflict of connectivity and contractility. Through a combination of experiments and theory, we demonstrate how varied contraction patterns can arise from the same microscopic constituents without invoking specific biochemical regulation.In Chapter 2, through a collaboration with the CytoMorpho Lab of Profs. Manuel Thery and Laurent Blanchoin (CEA), we examine the role of surface friction in the contraction of branched actomyosin networks, employing reconstituted actomyosin networks from purified proteins micropatterned on glass- and lipid- coated surfaces. We present the experimental evidence that surface friction guides actomyosin network contraction, in a manner which is surprisingly robust to the spatial distribution of myosin molecular motors. To uncover the underlying mechanisms behind this friction-dependent contraction, we model the actomyosin network as a viscoelastic, cable-network material with active stresses from advected myosin motors. Analysis and numerical simulation demonstrated that our model successfully reproduces key experimental results and explains why the friction, not myosin, pattern determines the compaction point through a center of drag argument. Our findings show how robust, cell-scale contractile behaviors can arise from patterning of resistive forces, explaining how homogeneous networks could contract asymmetrically in cells and tissues.Finally, in Chapter 3 we present a novel model for stress fibers, a different kind of actomyosin structure composed of thick bundles of filaments, immersed in bulk fine-mesh actomyosin networks. Though these different actomyosin structures coexist simultaneously in the cell, the extent to which stress fibers and bulk actomyosin networks impact each other's dynamics is still not well understood. We examine this interaction through the lens of fluid-structure interaction problems, utilizing the Immersed Boundary Method to couple models of stress fibers and bulk networks. Through numerical simulation, we characterize the dynamics of both bulk networks and stress fibers with and without interaction, capturing a variety of experimentally observed behaviors. Our work highlights the interplay and balance between coexisting actomyosin assemblies, and the relevance of hydrodynamic interactions between stress fibers and other higher-order contractile structures which make up the actomyosin cytoskeleton.
- 일반주제명
- Mathematics
- 일반주제명
- Biophysics
- 일반주제명
- Biomechanics
- 키워드
- Actomyosin
- 키워드
- Modeling
- 키워드
- Viscoelasticity
- 기타저자
- New York University Mathematics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798293887866
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32042280
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a510
■1001 ▼aSavinov, Mariya.
■24510▼aBiophysical Modeling and Simulation of Contractile Actomyosin Dynamics
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNew York University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a278 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Mogilner, Alex.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
■520 ▼aThe actomyosin cytoskeleton---complex self-organized assemblies of actin protein filaments, myosin molecular motors, and auxiliary proteins---dynamically rearranges throughout the cell cycle to form active, force-generating subcellular structures which the cell harnesses for essential processes including division, motility, and mechanosensing. The improper regulation or function of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is tied to a myriad of diseases, so developing an understanding of the dynamics and, moreover, regulation of the cytoskeleton is essential. In this dissertation, we use mathematical modeling in collaboration with experimental labs to explore the careful interplay of factors which govern actomyosin dynamics.In Chapter 1, we explore the importance of system size on the dynamics of actomyosin networks with rapid turnover, working with the lab of Prof. Kinneret Keren who employ a reconstituted system based on cell extracts embedded in water-in-oil droplets of varying size. We present the experimentally observed size-dependent transition in the network's dynamic behavior: from steady contractile flow in small droplets to periodic waves of contraction in large droplets. We develop a mathematical model of the actomyosin network as a viscous fluid evolving according to a reaction-drift equation, capturing key experimental results and predicting the transition size as a function of network parameters. Central to the resultant theoretical framework is the how network percolation determines distinct mechanical regimes of the actomyosin network, and the inherent conflict of connectivity and contractility. Through a combination of experiments and theory, we demonstrate how varied contraction patterns can arise from the same microscopic constituents without invoking specific biochemical regulation.In Chapter 2, through a collaboration with the CytoMorpho Lab of Profs. Manuel Thery and Laurent Blanchoin (CEA), we examine the role of surface friction in the contraction of branched actomyosin networks, employing reconstituted actomyosin networks from purified proteins micropatterned on glass- and lipid- coated surfaces. We present the experimental evidence that surface friction guides actomyosin network contraction, in a manner which is surprisingly robust to the spatial distribution of myosin molecular motors. To uncover the underlying mechanisms behind this friction-dependent contraction, we model the actomyosin network as a viscoelastic, cable-network material with active stresses from advected myosin motors. Analysis and numerical simulation demonstrated that our model successfully reproduces key experimental results and explains why the friction, not myosin, pattern determines the compaction point through a center of drag argument. Our findings show how robust, cell-scale contractile behaviors can arise from patterning of resistive forces, explaining how homogeneous networks could contract asymmetrically in cells and tissues.Finally, in Chapter 3 we present a novel model for stress fibers, a different kind of actomyosin structure composed of thick bundles of filaments, immersed in bulk fine-mesh actomyosin networks. Though these different actomyosin structures coexist simultaneously in the cell, the extent to which stress fibers and bulk actomyosin networks impact each other's dynamics is still not well understood. We examine this interaction through the lens of fluid-structure interaction problems, utilizing the Immersed Boundary Method to couple models of stress fibers and bulk networks. Through numerical simulation, we characterize the dynamics of both bulk networks and stress fibers with and without interaction, capturing a variety of experimentally observed behaviors. Our work highlights the interplay and balance between coexisting actomyosin assemblies, and the relevance of hydrodynamic interactions between stress fibers and other higher-order contractile structures which make up the actomyosin cytoskeleton.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0146.
■650 4▼aMathematics
■650 4▼aBiophysics
■650 4▼aBiomechanics
■653 ▼aActomyosin
■653 ▼aFluid-structure interaction
■653 ▼aMathematical biology
■653 ▼aModeling
■653 ▼aNumerical simulation
■653 ▼aViscoelasticity
■690 ▼a0405
■690 ▼a0786
■690 ▼a0648
■71020▼aNew York University▼bMathematics.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-03B.
■790 ▼a0146
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357776▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


