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Robust Uncertainty Quantification for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization With Applications to Mutational Signatures Analysis
Robust Uncertainty Quantification for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization With Applications ...
Robust Uncertainty Quantification for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization With Applications to Mutational Signatures Analysis

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103559
ISBN  
9798280720367
DDC  
574
저자명  
Xue, Catherine S.
서명/저자  
Robust Uncertainty Quantification for Non-Negative Matrix Factorization With Applications to Mutational Signatures Analysis
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
135 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Miller, Jeffrey W.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Mutational signatures are distinctive patterns of mutations resulting from cancer-causing molecular processes, such as defective DNA repair mechanisms or UV radiation. The study of mutational signatures in cancer has provided insights into the molecular epidemiology of cancer and helped guide clinical decisions and therapies. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) methods have been foundational to the discovery of many mutational signatures and their respective loading or activity level in individual tumor genomes. In this dissertation, we explore topics related to robust uncertainty quantification for NMF methods with applications to mutational signatures analysis in cancer. Chapter 1 provides an overview of current literature and key concepts. Chapters 2 and 4 introduce and characterize specific models for mutational signatures analysis, while Chapter 3 addresses a general statistical challenge in developing and testing robust NMF models. In Chapter 2, we introduce BayesPowerNMF, a Bayesian NMF method with uncertainty quantification for mutational signatures analysis that is robust to model misspecification. While existing NMF models have been successful in discovering many mutational signatures with verified etiologies, the NMF model is ultimately only a rough approximation to reality. Model misspecification, or using a model that deviates from reality, can lead to poor inference, like failing to detect important mutational processes or inferring spurious ones that do not actually exist. In BayesPowerNMF, we leverage power posteriors for nonparametric robustness to misspecification. By performing full Bayesian inference, we are able to report uncertainty in both the signatures and loadings inferences. In simulations of both well-specified and plausibly misspecified genomic data, we illustrate the limitations of two leading NMF methods for mutational signatures discovery and demonstrate that BayesPowerNMF discovers more true processes and fewer spurious processes than these leading NMF models. Finally, we demonstrate BayesPowerNMF's performance on whole-genome sequencing data from the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project. In Chapter 3, we formulate a maximum density method for specifying the parameters of Dirichlet distributions that provides better control over the location and scale of the density near the boundary of the simplex than conventional approaches. Dirichlet distributions are widely used in Bayesian models and are a natural choice when modeling mutational signatures, such as for formulating informative priors based on known signatures for Bayesian NMF models and generating realistic mutational signatures for simulation studies. In the maximum density method, we tune the parameters to maximize the Dirichlet density at a specified target location point, subject to a scale constraint. The scale constraint is very flexible: for instance, for modeling mutational signatures we constrain an approximation to the cosine error, which is the preferred similarity metric in this setting. We demonstrate several desirable features of our maximum density method in a series of examples, including defining Metropolis--Hastings proposals for MCMC, constructing prior distributions for rare events, and generating simulated probability vectors for mutational signatures analysis. In Chapter 4, we propose methods for uncertainty quantification for non-negative least squares (NNLS) regression. NNLS is a popular method for loadings-only inference in mutational signatures analysis, where we wish to estimate the activity of a fixed set of signatures in a single tumor genome. These tools can be used to estimate the activity of known mutational processes in tumor genomes to guide clinical treatment and validate biomarker mutational signatures discovered via NMF studies. While there is extensive work in loadings-only NMF inference methods to improve point estimates, these methods lack uncertainty quantification. We consider two approaches to building uncertainty quantification for NNLS regression: first, by leveraging the equivalency between NNLS and ordinary least squares linear regression for non-zero loadings to build confidence intervals, and, second, by resampling the observed mutation counts vector and repeating NNLS on each replicate to build bootstrap confidence intervals. In simulation studies, our resampled NNLS method performs well in both estimating the loadings and classifying active vs inactive signatures, with interpretable uncertainty quantification for both tasks and well-calibrated confidence intervals for loadings estimates.
일반주제명  
Biostatistics
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Bayesian statistics
키워드  
Model misspecification
키워드  
Mutational signatures
키워드  
Nonnegative matrix factorization
키워드  
Robustness
키워드  
Uncertainty quantification
기타저자  
Harvard University Biostatistics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aXue,  Catherine  S.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-5518-122X
■24510▼aRobust  Uncertainty  Quantification  for  Non-Negative  Matrix  Factorization  With  Applications  to  Mutational  Signatures  Analysis
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a135  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Miller,  Jeffrey  W.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aMutational  signatures  are  distinctive  patterns  of  mutations  resulting  from  cancer-causing  molecular  processes,  such  as  defective  DNA  repair  mechanisms  or  UV  radiation.    The  study  of  mutational  signatures  in  cancer  has  provided  insights  into  the  molecular  epidemiology  of  cancer  and  helped  guide  clinical  decisions  and  therapies.    Non-negative  matrix  factorization  (NMF)  methods  have  been  foundational  to  the  discovery  of  many  mutational  signatures  and  their  respective  loading  or  activity  level  in  individual  tumor  genomes.    In  this  dissertation,  we  explore  topics  related  to  robust  uncertainty  quantification  for  NMF  methods  with  applications  to  mutational  signatures  analysis  in  cancer.    Chapter  1  provides  an  overview  of  current  literature  and  key  concepts.    Chapters  2  and  4  introduce  and  characterize  specific  models  for  mutational  signatures  analysis,  while  Chapter  3  addresses  a  general  statistical  challenge  in  developing  and  testing  robust  NMF  models.  In  Chapter  2,  we  introduce  BayesPowerNMF,  a  Bayesian  NMF  method  with  uncertainty  quantification  for  mutational  signatures  analysis  that  is  robust  to  model  misspecification.    While  existing  NMF  models  have  been  successful  in  discovering  many  mutational  signatures  with  verified  etiologies,  the  NMF  model  is  ultimately  only  a  rough  approximation  to  reality.    Model  misspecification,  or  using  a  model  that  deviates  from  reality,  can  lead  to  poor  inference,  like  failing  to  detect  important  mutational  processes  or  inferring  spurious  ones  that  do  not  actually  exist.    In  BayesPowerNMF,  we  leverage  power  posteriors  for  nonparametric  robustness  to  misspecification.  By  performing  full  Bayesian  inference,  we  are  able  to  report  uncertainty  in  both  the  signatures  and  loadings  inferences.    In  simulations  of  both  well-specified  and  plausibly  misspecified  genomic  data,  we  illustrate  the  limitations  of  two  leading  NMF  methods  for  mutational  signatures  discovery  and  demonstrate  that  BayesPowerNMF  discovers  more  true  processes  and  fewer  spurious  processes  than  these  leading  NMF  models.    Finally,  we  demonstrate  BayesPowerNMF's  performance  on  whole-genome  sequencing  data  from  the  ICGC/TCGA  Pan-Cancer  Analysis  of  Whole  Genomes  project.  In  Chapter  3,  we  formulate  a  maximum  density  method  for  specifying  the  parameters  of  Dirichlet  distributions  that  provides  better  control  over  the  location  and  scale  of  the  density  near  the  boundary  of  the  simplex  than  conventional  approaches.    Dirichlet  distributions  are  widely  used  in  Bayesian  models  and  are  a  natural  choice  when  modeling  mutational  signatures,  such  as  for  formulating  informative  priors  based  on  known  signatures  for  Bayesian  NMF  models  and  generating  realistic  mutational  signatures  for  simulation  studies.    In  the  maximum  density  method,  we  tune  the  parameters  to  maximize  the  Dirichlet  density  at  a  specified  target  location  point,  subject  to  a  scale  constraint.    The  scale  constraint  is  very  flexible:  for  instance,  for  modeling  mutational  signatures  we  constrain  an  approximation  to  the  cosine  error,  which  is  the  preferred  similarity  metric  in  this  setting.    We  demonstrate  several  desirable  features  of  our  maximum  density  method  in  a  series  of  examples,  including  defining  Metropolis--Hastings  proposals  for  MCMC,  constructing  prior  distributions  for  rare  events,  and  generating  simulated  probability  vectors  for  mutational  signatures  analysis.  In  Chapter  4,  we  propose  methods  for  uncertainty  quantification  for  non-negative  least  squares  (NNLS)  regression.    NNLS  is  a  popular  method  for  loadings-only  inference  in  mutational  signatures  analysis,  where  we  wish  to  estimate  the  activity  of  a  fixed  set  of  signatures  in  a  single  tumor  genome.    These  tools  can  be  used  to  estimate  the  activity  of  known  mutational  processes  in  tumor  genomes  to  guide  clinical  treatment  and  validate  biomarker  mutational  signatures  discovered  via  NMF  studies.    While  there  is  extensive  work  in  loadings-only  NMF  inference  methods  to  improve  point  estimates,  these  methods  lack  uncertainty  quantification.    We  consider  two  approaches  to  building  uncertainty  quantification  for  NNLS  regression:  first,  by  leveraging  the  equivalency  between  NNLS  and  ordinary  least  squares  linear  regression  for  non-zero  loadings  to  build  confidence  intervals,  and,  second,  by  resampling  the  observed  mutation  counts  vector  and  repeating  NNLS  on  each  replicate  to  build  bootstrap  confidence  intervals.    In  simulation  studies,  our  resampled  NNLS  method  performs  well  in  both  estimating  the  loadings  and  classifying  active  vs  inactive  signatures,  with  interpretable  uncertainty  quantification  for  both  tasks  and  well-calibrated  confidence  intervals  for  loadings  estimates.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aBiostatistics
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aBayesian  statistics
■653    ▼aModel  misspecification
■653    ▼aMutational  signatures
■653    ▼aNonnegative  matrix  factorization
■653    ▼aRobustness
■653    ▼aUncertainty  quantification
■690    ▼a0308
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0715
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiostatistics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357777▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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