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Dosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Gene Regulation
Dosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Ge...
Dosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Gene Regulation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103559
ISBN  
9798288864766
DDC  
575
저자명  
Yang, Qiming.
서명/저자  
Dosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Gene Regulation
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
251 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Meyer, Barbara.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis balances X-linked gene expression between sexes by repressing transcription from both X chromosomes in hermaphrodites (XX) to match the expression level from the single X chromosome in males (XO). This process is regulated by the master switch gene xol-1, whose expression is controlled by the ratio of X signal elements (XSEs), which repress xol-1, to autosomal signal elements (ASEs), which activate it. Among the XSEs, the nuclear hormone receptor SEX-1 is the most potent repressor of xol-1. Repression of xol-1 in hermaphrodites permits zygotic expression of sdc-2, the key activator of the dosage compensation complex (DCC), a specialized condensin complex that mediates repression of X-linked genes. SDC-2 initiates DCC recruitment to X chromosomes via dozens of recruitment elements on X (rex sites), from which the DCC spreads all along X to downregulate gene expression.Despite our extensive knowledge of DCC composition and its genome-wide binding patterns, the requirements for DCC loading at rex sites had not been determined. In Chapter 2, I describe collaborative work with members of the Meyer lab utilizing a comparative approach to enhance our understanding. We found that although the DCC and its regulatory hierarchy are conserved between C. elegans and the closely related species C. briggsae, the X-chromosome target specificity and mode of DCC binding have diverged. We identified two X-enriched motifs in C. briggsae DCC recruitment sites: a 13-bp MEX and a 30-bp MEX II. While mutating either motif in C. briggsae rex sites with multiple motifs reduced DCC binding, only the loss of all motifs eliminated all binding, indicating that DCC binding in C. briggsae is additive. In contrast, C. elegans DCC binds synergistically to rex sites-mutation of a single motif within a rex site with multiple motifs abolished binding. Although all motifs share a core CAGGG sequence, we demonstrated that motifs from one species cannot function in the other, either in vivo or in vitro. Strikingly, a single nucleotide change in C. briggsae MEX prevents C. elegans DCC binding. This rapid divergence in target specificity of conserved DNA binding proteins likely contributed to Caenorhabditis reproductive isolation.In Chapter 3, I focus on SEX-1, the most potent XSE, to better understand mechanisms that trigger dosage compensation and sex determination. Through sequence and structural alignment, I found that SEX-1's ligand-binding domain resembles that of retinoic acid receptors, despite low sequence identity and the lack of identified ligands. In parallel, I performed ChIP-seq to map SEX-1 occupancy during embryogenesis, revealing preferential binding at transcription start sites (TSSs) on both X chromosomes and autosomes. These TSSs belong to genes central for sex determination (sex-1, ceh-39, fox-1, sea-1, sea-2, xol-1), dosage compensation (sdc-1, sdc-2, sdc-3, dpy-21, dpy-27), and more general developmental pathways (rsp-2, par-3). ChIP-seq analysis of other DCC components revealed that SEX-1 co-localizes with DPY-30, also a subunit of the MLL/COMPASS histone methyltransferase complex, suggesting a potential role for SEX-1 in maintaining active chromatin. While SEX-1 occupancy correlated with accessible chromatin regions and highly transcribed genes, auxin-induced degradation of SEX-1 resulted in de-repression of target genes, indicating a repressive role in gene regulation. On the X chromosome, SEX-1 co-occupies regions with SDC-2, including rex sites, suggesting SEX-1 may play a role in facilitating or stabilizing DCC assembly on X chromosomes, in addition to functioning as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in sex determination, dosage compensation, and more general developmental processes.
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Caenorhabditis
키워드  
Genes
키워드  
Single nucleotide change
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Molecular & Cell Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a575
■1001  ▼aYang,  Qiming.
■24510▼aDosage  Compensation  in  Caenorhabditis  Species:  Mechanisms  of  X-Chromosome  Targeting  and  Gene  Regulation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a251  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Meyer,  Barbara.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aDosage  compensation  in  Caenorhabditis  balances  X-linked  gene  expression  between  sexes  by  repressing  transcription  from  both  X  chromosomes  in  hermaphrodites  (XX)  to  match  the  expression  level  from  the  single  X  chromosome  in  males  (XO).  This  process  is  regulated  by  the  master  switch  gene  xol-1,  whose  expression  is  controlled  by  the  ratio  of  X  signal  elements  (XSEs),  which  repress  xol-1,  to  autosomal  signal  elements  (ASEs),  which  activate  it.  Among  the  XSEs,  the  nuclear  hormone  receptor  SEX-1  is  the  most  potent  repressor  of  xol-1.  Repression  of  xol-1  in  hermaphrodites  permits  zygotic  expression  of  sdc-2,  the  key  activator  of  the  dosage  compensation  complex  (DCC),  a  specialized  condensin  complex  that  mediates  repression  of  X-linked  genes.  SDC-2  initiates  DCC  recruitment  to  X  chromosomes  via  dozens  of  recruitment  elements  on  X  (rex  sites),  from  which  the  DCC  spreads  all  along  X  to  downregulate  gene  expression.Despite  our  extensive  knowledge  of  DCC  composition  and  its  genome-wide  binding  patterns,  the  requirements  for  DCC  loading  at  rex  sites  had  not  been  determined.  In  Chapter  2,  I  describe  collaborative  work  with  members  of  the  Meyer  lab  utilizing  a  comparative  approach  to  enhance  our  understanding.  We  found  that  although  the  DCC  and  its  regulatory  hierarchy  are  conserved  between  C.  elegans  and  the  closely  related  species  C.  briggsae,  the  X-chromosome  target  specificity  and  mode  of  DCC  binding  have  diverged.  We  identified  two  X-enriched  motifs  in  C.  briggsae  DCC  recruitment  sites:  a  13-bp  MEX  and  a  30-bp  MEX  II.  While  mutating  either  motif  in  C.  briggsae  rex  sites  with  multiple  motifs  reduced  DCC  binding,  only  the  loss  of  all  motifs  eliminated  all  binding,  indicating  that  DCC  binding  in  C.  briggsae  is  additive.  In  contrast,  C.  elegans  DCC  binds  synergistically  to  rex  sites-mutation  of  a  single  motif  within  a  rex  site  with  multiple  motifs  abolished  binding.  Although  all  motifs  share  a  core  CAGGG  sequence,  we  demonstrated  that  motifs  from  one  species  cannot  function  in  the  other,  either  in  vivo  or  in  vitro.  Strikingly,  a  single  nucleotide  change  in  C.  briggsae  MEX  prevents  C.  elegans  DCC  binding.  This  rapid  divergence  in  target  specificity  of  conserved  DNA  binding  proteins  likely  contributed  to  Caenorhabditis  reproductive  isolation.In  Chapter  3,  I  focus  on  SEX-1,  the  most  potent  XSE,  to  better  understand  mechanisms  that  trigger  dosage  compensation  and  sex  determination.  Through  sequence  and  structural  alignment,  I  found  that  SEX-1's  ligand-binding  domain  resembles  that  of  retinoic  acid  receptors,  despite  low  sequence  identity  and  the  lack  of  identified  ligands.  In  parallel,  I  performed  ChIP-seq  to  map  SEX-1  occupancy  during  embryogenesis,  revealing  preferential  binding  at  transcription  start  sites  (TSSs)  on  both  X  chromosomes  and  autosomes.  These  TSSs  belong  to  genes  central  for  sex  determination  (sex-1,  ceh-39,  fox-1,  sea-1,  sea-2,  xol-1),  dosage  compensation  (sdc-1,  sdc-2,  sdc-3,  dpy-21,  dpy-27),  and  more  general  developmental  pathways  (rsp-2,  par-3).  ChIP-seq  analysis  of  other  DCC  components  revealed  that  SEX-1  co-localizes  with  DPY-30,  also  a  subunit  of  the  MLL/COMPASS  histone  methyltransferase  complex,  suggesting  a  potential  role  for  SEX-1  in  maintaining  active  chromatin.  While  SEX-1  occupancy  correlated  with  accessible  chromatin  regions  and  highly  transcribed  genes,  auxin-induced  degradation  of  SEX-1  resulted  in  de-repression  of  target  genes,  indicating  a  repressive  role  in  gene  regulation.  On  the  X  chromosome,  SEX-1  co-occupies  regions  with  SDC-2,  including  rex  sites,  suggesting  SEX-1  may  play  a  role  in  facilitating  or  stabilizing  DCC  assembly  on  X  chromosomes,  in  addition  to  functioning  as  a  transcriptional  regulator  of  genes  involved  in  sex  determination,  dosage  compensation,  and  more  general  developmental  processes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aCaenorhabditis
■653    ▼aGenes
■653    ▼aSingle  nucleotide  change
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bMolecular  &  Cell  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357780▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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