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Dosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Gene Regulation
Dosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Gene Regulation
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103559
- ISBN
- 9798288864766
- DDC
- 575
- 저자명
- Yang, Qiming.
- 서명/저자
- Dosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Gene Regulation
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 251 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Meyer, Barbara.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis balances X-linked gene expression between sexes by repressing transcription from both X chromosomes in hermaphrodites (XX) to match the expression level from the single X chromosome in males (XO). This process is regulated by the master switch gene xol-1, whose expression is controlled by the ratio of X signal elements (XSEs), which repress xol-1, to autosomal signal elements (ASEs), which activate it. Among the XSEs, the nuclear hormone receptor SEX-1 is the most potent repressor of xol-1. Repression of xol-1 in hermaphrodites permits zygotic expression of sdc-2, the key activator of the dosage compensation complex (DCC), a specialized condensin complex that mediates repression of X-linked genes. SDC-2 initiates DCC recruitment to X chromosomes via dozens of recruitment elements on X (rex sites), from which the DCC spreads all along X to downregulate gene expression.Despite our extensive knowledge of DCC composition and its genome-wide binding patterns, the requirements for DCC loading at rex sites had not been determined. In Chapter 2, I describe collaborative work with members of the Meyer lab utilizing a comparative approach to enhance our understanding. We found that although the DCC and its regulatory hierarchy are conserved between C. elegans and the closely related species C. briggsae, the X-chromosome target specificity and mode of DCC binding have diverged. We identified two X-enriched motifs in C. briggsae DCC recruitment sites: a 13-bp MEX and a 30-bp MEX II. While mutating either motif in C. briggsae rex sites with multiple motifs reduced DCC binding, only the loss of all motifs eliminated all binding, indicating that DCC binding in C. briggsae is additive. In contrast, C. elegans DCC binds synergistically to rex sites-mutation of a single motif within a rex site with multiple motifs abolished binding. Although all motifs share a core CAGGG sequence, we demonstrated that motifs from one species cannot function in the other, either in vivo or in vitro. Strikingly, a single nucleotide change in C. briggsae MEX prevents C. elegans DCC binding. This rapid divergence in target specificity of conserved DNA binding proteins likely contributed to Caenorhabditis reproductive isolation.In Chapter 3, I focus on SEX-1, the most potent XSE, to better understand mechanisms that trigger dosage compensation and sex determination. Through sequence and structural alignment, I found that SEX-1's ligand-binding domain resembles that of retinoic acid receptors, despite low sequence identity and the lack of identified ligands. In parallel, I performed ChIP-seq to map SEX-1 occupancy during embryogenesis, revealing preferential binding at transcription start sites (TSSs) on both X chromosomes and autosomes. These TSSs belong to genes central for sex determination (sex-1, ceh-39, fox-1, sea-1, sea-2, xol-1), dosage compensation (sdc-1, sdc-2, sdc-3, dpy-21, dpy-27), and more general developmental pathways (rsp-2, par-3). ChIP-seq analysis of other DCC components revealed that SEX-1 co-localizes with DPY-30, also a subunit of the MLL/COMPASS histone methyltransferase complex, suggesting a potential role for SEX-1 in maintaining active chromatin. While SEX-1 occupancy correlated with accessible chromatin regions and highly transcribed genes, auxin-induced degradation of SEX-1 resulted in de-repression of target genes, indicating a repressive role in gene regulation. On the X chromosome, SEX-1 co-occupies regions with SDC-2, including rex sites, suggesting SEX-1 may play a role in facilitating or stabilizing DCC assembly on X chromosomes, in addition to functioning as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in sex determination, dosage compensation, and more general developmental processes.
- 일반주제명
- Genetics
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 키워드
- Caenorhabditis
- 키워드
- Genes
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Molecular & Cell Biology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
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■1001 ▼aYang, Qiming.
■24510▼aDosage Compensation in Caenorhabditis Species: Mechanisms of X-Chromosome Targeting and Gene Regulation
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a251 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Meyer, Barbara.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
■520 ▼aDosage compensation in Caenorhabditis balances X-linked gene expression between sexes by repressing transcription from both X chromosomes in hermaphrodites (XX) to match the expression level from the single X chromosome in males (XO). This process is regulated by the master switch gene xol-1, whose expression is controlled by the ratio of X signal elements (XSEs), which repress xol-1, to autosomal signal elements (ASEs), which activate it. Among the XSEs, the nuclear hormone receptor SEX-1 is the most potent repressor of xol-1. Repression of xol-1 in hermaphrodites permits zygotic expression of sdc-2, the key activator of the dosage compensation complex (DCC), a specialized condensin complex that mediates repression of X-linked genes. SDC-2 initiates DCC recruitment to X chromosomes via dozens of recruitment elements on X (rex sites), from which the DCC spreads all along X to downregulate gene expression.Despite our extensive knowledge of DCC composition and its genome-wide binding patterns, the requirements for DCC loading at rex sites had not been determined. In Chapter 2, I describe collaborative work with members of the Meyer lab utilizing a comparative approach to enhance our understanding. We found that although the DCC and its regulatory hierarchy are conserved between C. elegans and the closely related species C. briggsae, the X-chromosome target specificity and mode of DCC binding have diverged. We identified two X-enriched motifs in C. briggsae DCC recruitment sites: a 13-bp MEX and a 30-bp MEX II. While mutating either motif in C. briggsae rex sites with multiple motifs reduced DCC binding, only the loss of all motifs eliminated all binding, indicating that DCC binding in C. briggsae is additive. In contrast, C. elegans DCC binds synergistically to rex sites-mutation of a single motif within a rex site with multiple motifs abolished binding. Although all motifs share a core CAGGG sequence, we demonstrated that motifs from one species cannot function in the other, either in vivo or in vitro. Strikingly, a single nucleotide change in C. briggsae MEX prevents C. elegans DCC binding. This rapid divergence in target specificity of conserved DNA binding proteins likely contributed to Caenorhabditis reproductive isolation.In Chapter 3, I focus on SEX-1, the most potent XSE, to better understand mechanisms that trigger dosage compensation and sex determination. Through sequence and structural alignment, I found that SEX-1's ligand-binding domain resembles that of retinoic acid receptors, despite low sequence identity and the lack of identified ligands. In parallel, I performed ChIP-seq to map SEX-1 occupancy during embryogenesis, revealing preferential binding at transcription start sites (TSSs) on both X chromosomes and autosomes. These TSSs belong to genes central for sex determination (sex-1, ceh-39, fox-1, sea-1, sea-2, xol-1), dosage compensation (sdc-1, sdc-2, sdc-3, dpy-21, dpy-27), and more general developmental pathways (rsp-2, par-3). ChIP-seq analysis of other DCC components revealed that SEX-1 co-localizes with DPY-30, also a subunit of the MLL/COMPASS histone methyltransferase complex, suggesting a potential role for SEX-1 in maintaining active chromatin. While SEX-1 occupancy correlated with accessible chromatin regions and highly transcribed genes, auxin-induced degradation of SEX-1 resulted in de-repression of target genes, indicating a repressive role in gene regulation. On the X chromosome, SEX-1 co-occupies regions with SDC-2, including rex sites, suggesting SEX-1 may play a role in facilitating or stabilizing DCC assembly on X chromosomes, in addition to functioning as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in sex determination, dosage compensation, and more general developmental processes.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aGenetics
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■653 ▼aCaenorhabditis
■653 ▼aGenes
■653 ▼aSingle nucleotide change
■690 ▼a0369
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bMolecular & Cell Biology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01B.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357780▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


