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Quantifying Tropospheric OH Concentrations and Coal Methane Emissions Using Remote Sensing
Quantifying Tropospheric OH Concentrations and Coal Methane Emissions Using Remote Sensing
Quantifying Tropospheric OH Concentrations and Coal Methane Emissions Using Remote Sensing

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103600
ISBN  
9798280714380
DDC  
551.5
저자명  
Penn, Elizabeth.
서명/저자  
Quantifying Tropospheric OH Concentrations and Coal Methane Emissions Using Remote Sensing
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
123 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Jacob, Daniel.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This thesis is divided into two parts. In Chapter 1, I use an analytical Bayesian inversion framework to show what we can (and cannot) learn from Thermal Infrared (TIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) satellite observations of methane. In Chapter 2, I demonstrate how to develop national coal-mine methane inventories with aircraft campaigns using high-resolution hyperspectral instruments, with a view towards recently-launched hyperspectral satellite constellations. An abstract for each chapter follows.Chapter 1. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main oxidant in the troposphere and controls the lifetime of many atmospheric pollutants including methane. Global annual mean tropospheric OH concentrations ([OH]) have been inferred since the late 1970s using the methyl chloroform (MCF) proxy. However, concentrations of MCF are now approaching the detection limit, and a replacement proxy is urgently needed. Previous inversions of GOSAT satellite measurements of methane in the SWIR have shown success in quantifying [OH] independently of methane emissions, and observing system simulations have suggested that TIR measurements may provide additional constraints on OH. Here we combine TIR satellite observations of methane from AIRS with SWIR observations from GOSAT in a three-year (2013-2015) analytical Bayesian inversion optimizing both methane emissions and OH concentrations. We examine how much information can be achieved on the interannual, seasonal, and latitudinal features of the OH distribution using information from MCF data as well as the ACCMIP ensemble of global atmospheric chemistry models to construct a full prior error covariance matrix for OH concentrations for use in the inversion. This is essential to avoid overfit to observations. Our results show that GOSAT alone is sufficient to quantify [OH] and its interannual variability independently of methane emissions, and that AIRS adds little information. The ability to constrain the latitudinal variability of OH is limited by strong error correlations. There is no information on OH at mid-latitudes, but there is some information on the NH/SH interhemispheric ratio, showing this ratio to be lower than currently simulated in models. There is also some information on the seasonal variation of OH concentrations, though it mainly confirms that simulated by models. Future satellite observations of methane will continue to improve our understanding of methane emissions and consequently [OH] and its interannual variability.Chapter 2. Underground coal mines are important global sources of methane but emission estimates are uncertain. Emission estimates for individual mines from Carbon Mapper aircraft remote sensing surveys in the U.S. agree within 20% with direct measurements used for national emission reporting (IPCC Tier 3 estimate). Such direct measurements are unavailable in most countries, which rely on estimated emission factors (EFs) applied to coal production rates. We find that EFs from IPCC Tier 1 and Model for Calculating Coal Mine Methane (MC2M) methods would overestimate U.S. emissions threefold due to incorrect dependence on mine depth. An IPCC Tier 2 method using measured basin-specific mine gas content agrees with direct emission measurements but does not account for gob well emissions and requires gas content data that are generally unavailable. We show that limited Carbon Mapper surveys successfully estimate basin-specific EFs for ventilation shafts and gob wells, enabling estimates of basin- and national-scale emissions.
일반주제명  
Atmospheric chemistry
일반주제명  
Chemistry
일반주제명  
Geophysics
일반주제명  
Remote sensing
키워드  
Bayesian inversion
키워드  
Methyl chloroform
키워드  
OH concentrations
키워드  
Hydroxyl radical
키워드  
Emission factors
기타저자  
Harvard University Earth and Planetary Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aPenn,  Elizabeth.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-5559-5748
■24510▼aQuantifying  Tropospheric  OH  Concentrations  and  Coal  Methane  Emissions  Using  Remote  Sensing
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a123  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Jacob,  Daniel.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  thesis  is  divided  into  two  parts.  In  Chapter  1,  I  use  an  analytical  Bayesian  inversion  framework  to  show  what  we  can  (and  cannot)  learn  from  Thermal  Infrared  (TIR)  and  Shortwave  Infrared  (SWIR)  satellite  observations  of  methane.  In  Chapter  2,  I  demonstrate  how  to  develop  national  coal-mine  methane  inventories  with  aircraft  campaigns  using  high-resolution  hyperspectral  instruments,  with  a  view  towards  recently-launched  hyperspectral  satellite  constellations.  An  abstract  for  each  chapter  follows.Chapter  1.  The  hydroxyl  radical  (OH)  is  the  main  oxidant  in  the  troposphere  and  controls  the  lifetime  of  many  atmospheric  pollutants  including  methane.  Global  annual  mean  tropospheric  OH  concentrations  ([OH])  have  been  inferred  since  the  late  1970s  using  the  methyl  chloroform  (MCF)  proxy.  However,  concentrations  of  MCF  are  now  approaching  the  detection  limit,  and  a  replacement  proxy  is  urgently  needed.  Previous  inversions  of  GOSAT  satellite  measurements  of  methane  in  the  SWIR  have  shown  success  in  quantifying  [OH]  independently  of  methane  emissions,  and  observing  system  simulations  have  suggested  that  TIR  measurements  may  provide  additional  constraints  on  OH.  Here  we  combine  TIR  satellite  observations  of  methane  from  AIRS  with  SWIR  observations  from  GOSAT  in  a  three-year  (2013-2015)  analytical  Bayesian  inversion  optimizing  both  methane  emissions  and  OH  concentrations.  We  examine  how  much  information  can  be  achieved  on  the  interannual,  seasonal,  and  latitudinal  features  of  the  OH  distribution  using  information  from  MCF  data  as  well  as  the  ACCMIP  ensemble  of  global  atmospheric  chemistry  models  to  construct  a  full  prior  error  covariance  matrix  for  OH  concentrations  for  use  in  the  inversion.  This  is  essential  to  avoid  overfit  to  observations.  Our  results  show  that  GOSAT  alone  is  sufficient  to  quantify  [OH]  and  its  interannual  variability  independently  of  methane  emissions,  and  that  AIRS  adds  little  information.  The  ability  to  constrain  the  latitudinal  variability  of  OH  is  limited  by  strong  error  correlations.  There  is  no  information  on  OH  at  mid-latitudes,  but  there  is  some  information  on  the  NH/SH  interhemispheric  ratio,  showing  this  ratio  to  be  lower  than  currently  simulated  in  models.  There  is  also  some  information  on  the  seasonal  variation  of  OH  concentrations,  though  it  mainly  confirms  that  simulated  by  models.  Future  satellite  observations  of  methane  will  continue  to  improve  our  understanding  of  methane  emissions  and  consequently  [OH]  and  its  interannual  variability.Chapter  2.  Underground  coal  mines  are  important  global  sources  of  methane  but  emission  estimates  are  uncertain.  Emission  estimates  for  individual  mines  from  Carbon  Mapper  aircraft  remote  sensing  surveys  in  the  U.S.  agree  within  20%  with  direct  measurements  used  for  national  emission  reporting  (IPCC  Tier  3  estimate).  Such  direct  measurements  are  unavailable  in  most  countries,  which  rely  on  estimated  emission  factors  (EFs)  applied  to  coal  production  rates.  We  find  that  EFs  from  IPCC  Tier  1  and  Model  for  Calculating  Coal  Mine  Methane  (MC2M)  methods  would  overestimate  U.S.  emissions  threefold  due  to  incorrect  dependence  on  mine  depth.  An  IPCC  Tier  2  method  using  measured  basin-specific  mine  gas  content  agrees  with  direct  emission  measurements  but  does  not  account  for  gob  well  emissions  and  requires  gas  content  data  that  are  generally  unavailable.  We  show  that  limited  Carbon  Mapper  surveys  successfully  estimate  basin-specific  EFs  for  ventilation  shafts  and  gob  wells,  enabling  estimates  of  basin-  and  national-scale  emissions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  chemistry
■650  4▼aChemistry
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■650  4▼aRemote  sensing
■653    ▼aBayesian  inversion
■653    ▼aMethyl  chloroform
■653    ▼aOH  concentrations
■653    ▼aHydroxyl  radical
■653    ▼aEmission  factors
■690    ▼a0371
■690    ▼a0799
■690    ▼a0485
■690    ▼a0373
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bEarth  and  Planetary  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357792▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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