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SpLacZ-MERCS-Coupled CRISPRi Screening Identifies Novel Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites Regulators
SpLacZ-MERCS-Coupled CRISPRi Screening Identifies Novel Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites Regu...
SpLacZ-MERCS-Coupled CRISPRi Screening Identifies Novel Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites Regulators

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104748
ISBN  
9798290653631
DDC  
616
저자명  
Yang, Zheng.
서명/저자  
SpLacZ-MERCS-Coupled CRISPRi Screening Identifies Novel Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites Regulators
발행사항  
[Sl] : California Institute of Technology, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
189 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Chan, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) mark critical hotspots for a variety of cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis, lipid homeostasis, mitochondria dynamics, and quality control. Fluorescence-based tools have been the main approach to detect MERCS, with a large portion of studies using split fluorescent proteins, which assemble at sites of contact to yield a fluorescence signal. However, they have limitations, including little to no response to fluctuations in MERCS abundance, low sensitivity, and possible artifacts made due to reporter protein reconstitution. To overcome this, we developed the SpLacZ-MERCS sensor, the first MERCS reporter using split β-galactosidase (LacZ). Compared to using complementary GFP fragments that go to mitochondria and ER, SpLacZ-MERCS gives an integrated readout of MERCS activity for more accurate and quantitative monitoring of these contact sites in single cells over time. Our system has specific organelle targeting but does not induce artificial tethering, which allows it to be a standard tool for studying MERC dynamics in physiological and pathological conditions. Using pharmacological and genetic perturbations known to modulate mitochondria-ER interactions, we validated SpLacZ-MERCS as an effective and reliable sensor of MERCS abundance.Beyond tool development, we sought to uncover the molecular mechanisms regulating MERCS using a genome-wide CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screen combined with SpLacZ-MERCS. This unbiased approach led to the identification of RHOA, a small GTPase known for its roles in cytoskeletal dynamics and signal transduction as a novel regulator of MERCS. We found that RHOA directly interacts with the ER-resident protein VAPB and modulates its binding to PTPIP51, a mitochondrial protein involved in forming MERCS junctions. VAPB and PTPIP51 constitute a MERCS tethering complex. RHOA depletion or overexpression of CUL3 (which promotes RHOA degradation) results in reduced MERCS levels, while RHOA overexpression enhances MERCS formation. Notably, we discovered that disease-associated mutations in RHOA, CUL3, and VAPB-implicated in cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration-disrupt MERCS regulation, suggesting a potential link between MERCS dysfunction and disease pathology.Together, our study makes two significant contributions. SpLacZ-MERCS is a new signal-integrating MERCS reporter system that allows dynamic, cumulative tracking of mitochondria-ER interactions. RHOA has been established as a novel regulator of MERCS, providing a framework to understand how contact sites can be manipulated in a dynamic way upon cellular signals. These findings enhance the foundation of our understanding of MERCS regulation while also shedding light on new possible therapeutic targets for diseases associated with altered communication between mitochondria and the ER.
일반주제명  
Cancer
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Disease
일반주제명  
Mutation
일반주제명  
Mitochondria
일반주제명  
Bioenergetics
일반주제명  
Lipids
일반주제명  
Apoptosis
일반주제명  
Signal transduction
일반주제명  
Homeostasis
일반주제명  
Permeability
일반주제명  
Metabolic disorders
일반주제명  
Genetic engineering
일반주제명  
Medical research
일반주제명  
Biosensors
일반주제명  
Phosphorylation
일반주제명  
Tumors
일반주제명  
Proteomics
일반주제명  
Parkinson's disease
일반주제명  
Cell division
기타저자  
California Institute of Technology Biology and Biological Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Caltech17191
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a616
■1001  ▼aYang,  Zheng.
■24510▼aSpLacZ-MERCS-Coupled  CRISPRi  Screening  Identifies  Novel  Mitochondria-ER  Contact  Sites  Regulators
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a189  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Chan,  David.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--California  Institute  of  Technology,  2025.
■520    ▼aMitochondria-ER  contact  sites  (MERCS)  mark  critical  hotspots  for  a  variety  of  cellular  processes,  including  calcium  homeostasis,  lipid  homeostasis,  mitochondria  dynamics,  and  quality  control.  Fluorescence-based  tools  have  been  the  main  approach  to  detect  MERCS,  with  a  large  portion  of  studies  using  split  fluorescent  proteins,  which  assemble  at  sites  of  contact  to  yield  a  fluorescence  signal.  However,  they  have  limitations,  including  little  to  no  response  to  fluctuations  in  MERCS  abundance,  low  sensitivity,  and  possible  artifacts  made  due  to  reporter  protein  reconstitution.  To  overcome  this,  we  developed  the  SpLacZ-MERCS  sensor,  the  first  MERCS  reporter  using  split  β-galactosidase  (LacZ).  Compared  to  using  complementary  GFP  fragments  that  go  to  mitochondria  and  ER,  SpLacZ-MERCS  gives  an  integrated  readout  of  MERCS  activity  for  more  accurate  and  quantitative  monitoring  of  these  contact  sites  in  single  cells  over  time.  Our  system  has  specific  organelle  targeting  but  does  not  induce  artificial  tethering,  which  allows  it  to  be  a  standard  tool  for  studying  MERC  dynamics  in  physiological  and  pathological  conditions.  Using  pharmacological  and  genetic  perturbations  known  to  modulate  mitochondria-ER  interactions,  we  validated  SpLacZ-MERCS  as  an  effective  and  reliable  sensor  of  MERCS  abundance.Beyond  tool  development,  we  sought  to  uncover  the  molecular  mechanisms  regulating  MERCS  using  a  genome-wide  CRISPR  interference  (CRISPRi)  screen  combined  with  SpLacZ-MERCS.  This  unbiased  approach  led  to  the  identification  of  RHOA,  a  small  GTPase  known  for  its  roles  in  cytoskeletal  dynamics  and  signal  transduction  as  a  novel  regulator  of  MERCS.  We  found  that  RHOA  directly  interacts  with  the  ER-resident  protein  VAPB  and  modulates  its  binding  to  PTPIP51,  a  mitochondrial  protein  involved  in  forming  MERCS  junctions.  VAPB  and  PTPIP51  constitute  a  MERCS  tethering  complex.  RHOA  depletion  or  overexpression  of  CUL3  (which  promotes  RHOA  degradation)  results  in  reduced  MERCS  levels,  while  RHOA  overexpression  enhances  MERCS  formation.  Notably,  we  discovered  that  disease-associated  mutations  in  RHOA,  CUL3,  and  VAPB-implicated  in  cancer,  metabolic  disorders,  and  neurodegeneration-disrupt  MERCS  regulation,  suggesting  a  potential  link  between  MERCS  dysfunction  and  disease  pathology.Together,  our  study  makes  two  significant  contributions.  SpLacZ-MERCS  is  a  new  signal-integrating  MERCS  reporter  system  that  allows  dynamic,  cumulative  tracking  of  mitochondria-ER  interactions.  RHOA  has  been  established  as  a  novel  regulator  of  MERCS,  providing  a  framework  to  understand  how  contact  sites  can  be  manipulated  in  a  dynamic  way  upon  cellular  signals.  These  findings  enhance  the  foundation  of  our  understanding  of  MERCS  regulation  while  also  shedding  light  on  new  possible  therapeutic  targets  for  diseases  associated  with  altered  communication  between  mitochondria  and  the  ER.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0037.
■650  4▼aCancer
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aDisease
■650  4▼aMutation
■650  4▼aMitochondria
■650  4▼aBioenergetics
■650  4▼aLipids
■650  4▼aApoptosis
■650  4▼aSignal  transduction
■650  4▼aHomeostasis
■650  4▼aPermeability
■650  4▼aMetabolic  disorders
■650  4▼aGenetic  engineering
■650  4▼aMedical  research
■650  4▼aBiosensors
■650  4▼aPhosphorylation
■650  4▼aTumors
■650  4▼aProteomics
■650  4▼aParkinson's  disease
■650  4▼aCell  division
■690    ▼a0719
■71020▼aCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼bBiology  and  Biological  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0037
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358764▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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