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Dust in Astrophysical Systems: Impacts on Dynamics, Plasma Physics, and Thermochemistry
Dust in Astrophysical Systems: Impacts on Dynamics, Plasma Physics, and Thermochemistry
Dust in Astrophysical Systems: Impacts on Dynamics, Plasma Physics, and Thermochemistry

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104750
ISBN  
9798290655475
DDC  
523
저자명  
Soliman, Nadine Hany.
서명/저자  
Dust in Astrophysical Systems: Impacts on Dynamics, Plasma Physics, and Thermochemistry
발행사항  
[Sl] : California Institute of Technology, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
207 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hopkins, Philip F.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The role of astrophysical dust is often simplified in models of galaxy and star formation, where it is typically treated as passively tracing the gas. However, dust actively influences the dynamics, thermodynamics, and observable properties of diverse environments. This thesis explores how explicitly modeling dust grain dynamics and their interactions with gas, radiation, and electromagnetic fields alters the behavior of three key astrophysical regimes: active galactic nuclei (AGN), star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs), and the early Universe.Radiation pressure on dust is widely regarded as a driver of large-scale outflows in AGN, though the dynamics of this interaction remain poorly constrained. Using radiation-dust-magnetohydrodynamic (RDMHD) simulations, we show that radiation efficiently drives supersonic, dust-laden outflows, which are unstable to resonant drag instabilities (RDIs). These instabilities generate turbulence and restructure the dust into clumpy, anisotropic forms, accounting for the torus's patchiness and producing time-variable reprocessed emission in the infrared and optical.In GMCs, dust dynamics play a crucial role in shaping both the chemistry and thermodynamics of the gas. Leveraging the STARFORGE framework with live dust dynamics and non-equilibrium thermochemistry, we show that stellar radiation redistributes dust, reducing dust accretion during the main mass growth phases and leading to substantial abundance variations among co-natal stars. Statistically, these variations align with observational data, providing an alternative mechanism for driving abundance fluctuations in co-natal stars, beyond interpretations focused solely on post-formation processes like planet accretion. We find that, for a fixed dust mass, grain size variations significantly affect the thermodynamics, influencing local opacity, radiative transport, thermal balance, and ionization structure, thereby suppressing SFE by up to an order of magnitude.Finally, we introduce a novel mechanism for magnetogenesis in the early Universe via radiatively accelerated, charged dust grains. This "dust battery" takes advantage of the large stopping lengths of dust grains to produce significant charge separation over large distances, thereby driving electric fields and seeding magnetic fields. Unlike conventional mechanisms (e.g., Biermann battery, Weibel instability), which rely on short-range electron-ion separation, this process operates efficiently and generates magnetic fields several orders of magnitude stronger than those produced by traditional mechanisms. We derive the underlying theory, develop a Magnetohydrodynamic-Particle-In-Cell (MHD-PIC) model, and a sub-grid model suitable for implementation in cosmological contexts.These insights underscore the importance of incorporating dust dynamics into astrophysical models to enhance our understanding of the formation and evolution of galaxies, stars, and the interstellar medium.
일반주제명  
Astrophysics
일반주제명  
Star & galaxy formation
일반주제명  
Wind
일반주제명  
Magnetic fields
일반주제명  
Cosmic rays
일반주제명  
Stars & galaxies
일반주제명  
Dust
일반주제명  
Accretion disks
일반주제명  
Grain size
일반주제명  
Morphology
일반주제명  
Radiation
일반주제명  
Atoms & subatomic particles
일반주제명  
Extinction
기타저자  
California Institute of Technology Physics Mathematics and Astronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

 008260126s2025        us                              c    eng  d
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■00520260202104750
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798290655475
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32151327
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Caltech17238
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a523
■1001  ▼aSoliman,  Nadine  Hany.
■24510▼aDust  in  Astrophysical  Systems:  Impacts  on  Dynamics,  Plasma  Physics,  and  Thermochemistry
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a207  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hopkins,  Philip  F.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--California  Institute  of  Technology,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  role  of  astrophysical  dust  is  often  simplified  in  models  of  galaxy  and  star  formation,  where  it  is  typically  treated  as  passively  tracing  the  gas.  However,  dust  actively  influences  the  dynamics,  thermodynamics,  and  observable  properties  of  diverse  environments.  This  thesis  explores  how  explicitly  modeling  dust  grain  dynamics  and  their  interactions  with  gas,  radiation,  and  electromagnetic  fields  alters  the  behavior  of  three  key  astrophysical  regimes:  active  galactic  nuclei  (AGN),  star-forming  giant  molecular  clouds  (GMCs),  and  the  early  Universe.Radiation  pressure  on  dust  is  widely  regarded  as  a  driver  of  large-scale  outflows  in  AGN,  though  the  dynamics  of  this  interaction  remain  poorly  constrained.  Using  radiation-dust-magnetohydrodynamic  (RDMHD)  simulations,  we  show  that  radiation  efficiently  drives  supersonic,  dust-laden  outflows,  which  are  unstable  to  resonant  drag  instabilities  (RDIs).  These  instabilities  generate  turbulence  and  restructure  the  dust  into  clumpy,  anisotropic  forms,  accounting  for  the  torus's  patchiness  and  producing  time-variable  reprocessed  emission  in  the  infrared  and  optical.In  GMCs,  dust  dynamics  play  a  crucial  role  in  shaping  both  the  chemistry  and  thermodynamics  of  the  gas.  Leveraging  the  STARFORGE  framework  with  live  dust  dynamics  and  non-equilibrium  thermochemistry,  we  show  that  stellar  radiation  redistributes  dust,  reducing  dust  accretion  during  the  main  mass  growth  phases  and  leading  to  substantial  abundance  variations  among  co-natal  stars.  Statistically,  these  variations  align  with  observational  data,  providing  an  alternative  mechanism  for  driving  abundance  fluctuations  in  co-natal  stars,  beyond  interpretations  focused  solely  on  post-formation  processes  like  planet  accretion.  We  find  that,  for  a  fixed  dust  mass,  grain  size  variations  significantly  affect  the  thermodynamics,  influencing  local  opacity,  radiative  transport,  thermal  balance,  and  ionization  structure,  thereby  suppressing  SFE  by  up  to  an  order  of  magnitude.Finally,  we  introduce  a  novel  mechanism  for  magnetogenesis  in  the  early  Universe  via  radiatively  accelerated,  charged  dust  grains.  This  "dust  battery"  takes  advantage  of  the  large  stopping  lengths  of  dust  grains  to  produce  significant  charge  separation  over  large  distances,  thereby  driving  electric  fields  and  seeding  magnetic  fields.  Unlike  conventional  mechanisms  (e.g.,  Biermann  battery,  Weibel  instability),  which  rely  on  short-range  electron-ion  separation,  this  process  operates  efficiently  and  generates  magnetic  fields  several  orders  of  magnitude  stronger  than  those  produced  by  traditional  mechanisms.  We  derive  the  underlying  theory,  develop  a  Magnetohydrodynamic-Particle-In-Cell  (MHD-PIC)  model,  and  a  sub-grid  model  suitable  for  implementation  in  cosmological  contexts.These  insights  underscore  the  importance  of  incorporating  dust  dynamics  into  astrophysical  models  to  enhance  our  understanding  of  the  formation  and  evolution  of  galaxies,  stars,  and  the  interstellar  medium.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0037.
■650  4▼aAstrophysics
■650  4▼aStar  &  galaxy  formation
■650  4▼aWind
■650  4▼aMagnetic  fields
■650  4▼aCosmic  rays
■650  4▼aStars  &  galaxies
■650  4▼aDust
■650  4▼aAccretion  disks
■650  4▼aGrain  size
■650  4▼aMorphology
■650  4▼aRadiation
■650  4▼aAtoms  &  subatomic  particles
■650  4▼aExtinction
■690    ▼a0287
■690    ▼a0596
■71020▼aCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼bPhysics,  Mathematics  and  Astronomy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0037
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358774▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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