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Reductive Samarium Catalysis Enabled by a Thermochemical Roadmap
Reductive Samarium Catalysis Enabled by a Thermochemical Roadmap
Reductive Samarium Catalysis Enabled by a Thermochemical Roadmap

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104751
ISBN  
9798290654065
DDC  
546.7
저자명  
Boyd, Emily A.
서명/저자  
Reductive Samarium Catalysis Enabled by a Thermochemical Roadmap
발행사항  
[Sl] : California Institute of Technology, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
396 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Peters, Jonas.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Samarium diiodide is a versatile single-electron reductant. Its reactivity is modulated by recruitment of a wide range of additives to its large coordination sphere. Binding of strong Lewis bases produces more potent Sm(II) reductants, while polar protic donors promote net proton-coupled electron transfer to a variety of unsaturated substrates including intermediates of molybdenum-catalyzed nitrogen reduction. However, samarium(II) reagents are used (super)stoichiometrically in all but a few select cases because mild, tunable methods for selective reduction of oxidized samarium(III) products back to the active samarium(III) state were unavailable at the outset of the following studies. Chapter 1 frames the challenge of catalytic samarium turnover in the context of nitrogen fixation. Proton-coupled electron transfer and inner-sphere electron transfer are introduced as two potential catalytic roles for samarium(II), and a strategy for proton-coupled reduction of problematic samarium(III)-alkoxide intermediates to achieve turnover is outlined. Chapter 2 describes a well-defined model system used to construct extended quantitative thermochemical cycles mapping proton transfer, electron transfer, and ligand association at samarium. The samarium(II) complex binds a secondary amide to generate a remarkably potent net hydrogen atom donor. In Chapter 2, this driving force is leveraged in iron-catalyzed nitrogen reduction; the strongly reducing, weakly acidic nature of the samarium reagent leads to selective generation of hydrazine over ammonia (99:1). In Chapter 3, the benchmarked samarium(III)-alkoxide protonolysis thermodynamics inform selection of Bronsted acids that can be coupled with a mild reductant (zinc powder or an applied electrochemical potential) to achieve catalytic samarium turnover in reductive coupling of ketones and acrylates to form γ-lactones. Photo-driven methods for this samarium-catalyzed transformation are reported in Chapter 5. Finally, in Chapter 6, the hypothesis that samarium(II) might serve as an inner-sphere reductant in nitrogen reduction with transition metal catalysts guides design of conditions for tandem samarium/molybdenum catalysis in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia with the lowest driving force and highest Faradaic efficiency (82%) reported to date for a nonaqueous system at atmospheric pressure.
일반주제명  
Acids
일반주제명  
Electrons
일반주제명  
Reagents
일반주제명  
Carbon
일반주제명  
Molybdenum
일반주제명  
Solvents
일반주제명  
Ammonia
일반주제명  
Catalysis
일반주제명  
Electrocatalysis
일반주제명  
Nitrogen
일반주제명  
Physical chemistry
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
키워드  
Samarium diiodide
키워드  
Bronsted acids
기타저자  
California Institute of Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a546.7
■1001  ▼aBoyd,  Emily  A.
■24510▼aReductive  Samarium  Catalysis  Enabled  by  a  Thermochemical  Roadmap
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a396  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Peters,  Jonas.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--California  Institute  of  Technology,  2025.
■520    ▼aSamarium  diiodide  is  a  versatile  single-electron  reductant.  Its  reactivity  is  modulated  by  recruitment  of  a  wide  range  of  additives  to  its  large  coordination  sphere.  Binding  of  strong  Lewis  bases  produces  more  potent  Sm(II)  reductants,  while  polar  protic  donors  promote  net  proton-coupled  electron  transfer  to  a  variety  of  unsaturated  substrates  including  intermediates  of  molybdenum-catalyzed  nitrogen  reduction.  However,  samarium(II)  reagents  are  used  (super)stoichiometrically  in  all  but  a  few  select  cases  because  mild,  tunable  methods  for  selective  reduction  of  oxidized  samarium(III)  products  back  to  the  active  samarium(III)  state  were  unavailable  at  the  outset  of  the  following  studies.  Chapter  1  frames  the  challenge  of  catalytic  samarium  turnover  in  the  context  of  nitrogen  fixation.  Proton-coupled  electron  transfer  and  inner-sphere  electron  transfer  are  introduced  as  two  potential  catalytic  roles  for  samarium(II),  and  a  strategy  for  proton-coupled  reduction  of  problematic  samarium(III)-alkoxide  intermediates  to  achieve  turnover  is  outlined.  Chapter  2  describes  a  well-defined  model  system  used  to  construct  extended  quantitative  thermochemical  cycles  mapping  proton  transfer,  electron  transfer,  and  ligand  association  at  samarium.  The  samarium(II)  complex  binds  a  secondary  amide  to  generate  a  remarkably  potent  net  hydrogen  atom  donor.  In  Chapter  2,  this  driving  force  is  leveraged  in  iron-catalyzed  nitrogen  reduction;  the  strongly  reducing,  weakly  acidic  nature  of  the  samarium  reagent  leads  to  selective  generation  of  hydrazine  over  ammonia  (99:1).  In  Chapter  3,  the  benchmarked  samarium(III)-alkoxide  protonolysis  thermodynamics  inform  selection  of  Bronsted  acids  that  can  be  coupled  with  a  mild  reductant  (zinc  powder  or  an  applied  electrochemical  potential)  to  achieve  catalytic  samarium  turnover  in  reductive  coupling  of  ketones  and  acrylates  to  form  γ-lactones.  Photo-driven  methods  for  this  samarium-catalyzed  transformation  are  reported  in  Chapter  5.  Finally,  in  Chapter  6,  the  hypothesis  that  samarium(II)  might  serve  as  an  inner-sphere  reductant  in  nitrogen  reduction  with  transition  metal  catalysts  guides  design  of  conditions  for  tandem  samarium/molybdenum  catalysis  in  electrocatalytic  nitrogen  reduction  to  ammonia  with  the  lowest  driving  force  and  highest  Faradaic  efficiency  (82%)  reported  to  date  for  a  nonaqueous  system  at  atmospheric  pressure.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0037.
■650  4▼aAcids
■650  4▼aElectrons
■650  4▼aReagents
■650  4▼aCarbon
■650  4▼aMolybdenum
■650  4▼aSolvents
■650  4▼aAmmonia
■650  4▼aCatalysis
■650  4▼aElectrocatalysis
■650  4▼aNitrogen
■650  4▼aPhysical  chemistry
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■653    ▼aSamarium  diiodide
■653    ▼aBronsted  acids
■690    ▼a0494
■690    ▼a0348
■71020▼aCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼bChemistry  and  Chemical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0037
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358780▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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