서브메뉴
검색
Three Essays on Payments for Behavior Changes
Three Essays on Payments for Behavior Changes
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103603
- ISBN
- 9798288862618
- DDC
- 385
- 서명/저자
- Three Essays on Payments for Behavior Changes
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 136 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Sallee, James.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약In the face of climate inaction, policymakers and climate activists have been more frequently turning toward policies which may not be the most efficient or effective, but enjoy much broader political support and face less resistance. Often, these policies take the form of subsidies for reductions in undesirable outcomes. In this research, we explore three such policies in three different sectors.Our first setting is in electricity markets, where extreme heat pushes the electric grid to the edge of its capacity on certain critical days. We estimate the effectiveness, cost, and welfare consequences of a large scale residential electricity demand response subsidy program in California in 2022. We find that enrolled customers reduce consumption by 55 watts in our preferred specification, but the high degree of non-additional payments yield a program cost of $12.46 per kWh of reduction, while wholesale electricity prices were no more than $1.20 per kWh. Assuming revenue neutrality is achieved by raising off-peak retail rates already in excess of social marginal costs, reasonable estimates of off-peak mispricing suggest that the policy is net-negative for social welfare due to the off-peak welfare losses.Next, we consider the opportunities for pricing greenhouse gas emissions in the agriculture sector, considering specifically the effectiveness and costs of pricing policies for agricultural soil emissions. The nitrous oxide emissions from these soils are unlikely to be directly priced, so we consider a pricing policy for a proxy: application of nitrogen fertilizer. We evaluate the effects and benefits of levying a tax on nitrogen fertilizer, as well as various subsidy and rebate policies which could be implemented as voluntary carbon offsets, given the informational and political constraints. Using detailed USDA data on farmer production practices and the biogeochemical simulation model DayCent, we estimate the marginal damages of fertilizer application across a representative sample of 2016 US corn growers. We then conjecture the responses to our simulated policies using a demand elasticity for fertilizer from the literature. A uniform tax set at the nationwide average marginal damages of fertilizer application achieves a 20% reduction in emissions. A more politically feasible subsidy policy for reductions relative to a counterfactual baseline is less effective at reducing emissions, achieving only 8-10% abatement, depending on the level of policy targeting. We then consider the ability for regulators to manipulate counterfactual baselines in order to increase the amount of abatement achieved, with corresponding increases in both marginal and inframarginal outlays. Emissions reductions exhibit diminishing returns while subsidy payouts increase convexly, suggesting an optimal baseline that minimizes abatement costs.Finally, we consider consumer vehicle choices in the face of subsidies for zero emissions vehicles over the coming decades. We document the design and application of ATLAS (Automobile and Technology Lifecycle-Based ASsignment), a comprehensive household vehicle transaction and technology adoption micro-simulator in the San Francisco Bay Area. ATLAS evolves the fleet mix of individual households by simulating the transaction (vehicle addition, disposal, and replacement) and choice (vehicle type, vintage, and powertrain) decisions in response to co-evolving demographics, land use, and vehicle technology simulations. While most existing literature has focused on the overall effect of technology progress and/or policy mechanisms on aggregate clean vehicle uptake, this paper differentiates distributional effects and decomposes the underlying mechanisms across heterogeneous sub-populations of households. Using scenarios and sensitivity simulations that vary technology (e.g., whether battery cost declines) and policy (e.g., California's Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate by 2035) assumptions, we find that Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) penetrate into higher income groups at a faster rate than into lower income groups, which is intuitive and aligns with expectations. Interestingly, the relative income disparity in ZEV ownership shrinks over time across all scenarios, with a ZEV mandate coupled with declining battery cost leading to the greatest reduction in disparity of ZEV ownership by 2050. Federal, state, and local financial incentives influence the redistribution of ZEV uptake across income groups and contribute to narrowing income disparity. Vehicle transaction frequency and new versus used market dynamics are found to be important factors contributing to the income disparity. ATLAS can be extended to support policy decisions in other regions to ensure an efficient, effective, and equitable transition to a clean vehicle future.
- 일반주제명
- Transportation
- 키워드
- Market dynamics
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Agricultural & Resource Economics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008260126s2025 us c eng d■001000017357811
■00520260202103603
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798288862618
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32042612
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a385
■1001 ▼aJackson, Connor P.
■24510▼aThree Essays on Payments for Behavior Changes
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a136 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Sallee, James.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
■520 ▼aIn the face of climate inaction, policymakers and climate activists have been more frequently turning toward policies which may not be the most efficient or effective, but enjoy much broader political support and face less resistance. Often, these policies take the form of subsidies for reductions in undesirable outcomes. In this research, we explore three such policies in three different sectors.Our first setting is in electricity markets, where extreme heat pushes the electric grid to the edge of its capacity on certain critical days. We estimate the effectiveness, cost, and welfare consequences of a large scale residential electricity demand response subsidy program in California in 2022. We find that enrolled customers reduce consumption by 55 watts in our preferred specification, but the high degree of non-additional payments yield a program cost of $12.46 per kWh of reduction, while wholesale electricity prices were no more than $1.20 per kWh. Assuming revenue neutrality is achieved by raising off-peak retail rates already in excess of social marginal costs, reasonable estimates of off-peak mispricing suggest that the policy is net-negative for social welfare due to the off-peak welfare losses.Next, we consider the opportunities for pricing greenhouse gas emissions in the agriculture sector, considering specifically the effectiveness and costs of pricing policies for agricultural soil emissions. The nitrous oxide emissions from these soils are unlikely to be directly priced, so we consider a pricing policy for a proxy: application of nitrogen fertilizer. We evaluate the effects and benefits of levying a tax on nitrogen fertilizer, as well as various subsidy and rebate policies which could be implemented as voluntary carbon offsets, given the informational and political constraints. Using detailed USDA data on farmer production practices and the biogeochemical simulation model DayCent, we estimate the marginal damages of fertilizer application across a representative sample of 2016 US corn growers. We then conjecture the responses to our simulated policies using a demand elasticity for fertilizer from the literature. A uniform tax set at the nationwide average marginal damages of fertilizer application achieves a 20% reduction in emissions. A more politically feasible subsidy policy for reductions relative to a counterfactual baseline is less effective at reducing emissions, achieving only 8-10% abatement, depending on the level of policy targeting. We then consider the ability for regulators to manipulate counterfactual baselines in order to increase the amount of abatement achieved, with corresponding increases in both marginal and inframarginal outlays. Emissions reductions exhibit diminishing returns while subsidy payouts increase convexly, suggesting an optimal baseline that minimizes abatement costs.Finally, we consider consumer vehicle choices in the face of subsidies for zero emissions vehicles over the coming decades. We document the design and application of ATLAS (Automobile and Technology Lifecycle-Based ASsignment), a comprehensive household vehicle transaction and technology adoption micro-simulator in the San Francisco Bay Area. ATLAS evolves the fleet mix of individual households by simulating the transaction (vehicle addition, disposal, and replacement) and choice (vehicle type, vintage, and powertrain) decisions in response to co-evolving demographics, land use, and vehicle technology simulations. While most existing literature has focused on the overall effect of technology progress and/or policy mechanisms on aggregate clean vehicle uptake, this paper differentiates distributional effects and decomposes the underlying mechanisms across heterogeneous sub-populations of households. Using scenarios and sensitivity simulations that vary technology (e.g., whether battery cost declines) and policy (e.g., California's Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate by 2035) assumptions, we find that Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) penetrate into higher income groups at a faster rate than into lower income groups, which is intuitive and aligns with expectations. Interestingly, the relative income disparity in ZEV ownership shrinks over time across all scenarios, with a ZEV mandate coupled with declining battery cost leading to the greatest reduction in disparity of ZEV ownership by 2050. Federal, state, and local financial incentives influence the redistribution of ZEV uptake across income groups and contribute to narrowing income disparity. Vehicle transaction frequency and new versus used market dynamics are found to be important factors contributing to the income disparity. ATLAS can be extended to support policy decisions in other regions to ensure an efficient, effective, and equitable transition to a clean vehicle future.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aTransportation
■653 ▼aElectricity markets
■653 ▼aAgricultural soil emissions
■653 ▼aPolitical constraints
■653 ▼aZero Emission Vehicles
■653 ▼aMarket dynamics
■690 ▼a0438
■690 ▼a0503
■690 ▼a0709
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bAgricultural & Resource Economics.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01A.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357811▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


